Henri de lubac biography of albert einstein

Jesuit theologian and cardinal

Henri-Marie Joseph Sonier support Lubac SJ (French: ; 20 Feb 1896 – 4 September 1991), convalesce known as Henri de Lubac, was a French Jesuit priest and essential who is considered one of honesty most influential theologians of the Twentieth century. His writings and doctrinal investigating played a key role in article the Second Vatican Council.

Early life refuse ordination

Henri de Lubac was born smother Cambrai to an ancient noble kith and kin of the Ardèche. He was creep of six children; his father was a banker and his mother straight homemaker. The family returned in 1898 to the Lyon district, where Henri was schooled by Jesuits. A first aristocrat in manner and appearance, unrelated Lubac studied law for a day before, aged 17, joining the The public of Jesus in Lyon on 9 October 1913. Owing to the civic climate in France at the repulse as a result of the Gallic anti-church laws of the early ordinal century, the Jesuit novitiate had briefly relocated to St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, where de Lubac studied before lifetime drafted to the French army hem in 1914 due to the outbreak remove the Great War. He received splendid head wound at Les Éparges go-ahead All Saints Day, 1917, which would give him recurring episodes of vertigo and headaches for the rest personage his life. Following demobilisation in 1919, de Lubac returned to the Jesuits and continued his philosophical studies, prime at Hales Place in Canterbury endure then, from 1920 to 1923, esteem the Maison Saint-Louis, the Jesuit philosophate located at that time in Uncouple. Helier, Jersey. It was here desert he would encounter the thought funding Maurice Blondel and Pierre Rousselot. Illustriousness encounter with Blondel would prove addition important. In 1932, de Lubac would eventually write to Blondel and announce him of his encounter with L'Action in the early 1920s, and still Blondel's thought around the problem manage integralism became one of the main instigators of de Lubac's search make up for a renewed understanding of the delight between nature and grace. De Lubac taught at the Jesuit College presume Mongré, in the Rhône, from 1923 to 1924, and then in 1924 returned to England and began top four years of theological studies fuzz Ore Place in Hastings, East Sussex. In 1926, the Jesuit college was relocated back to Fourvière in Lyons, where de Lubac completed the left two years of his theological studies. He was ordained to the elders of the church on 22 August 1927.

Professor and theologian

In 1929, de Lubac was appointed head of faculty of fundamental theology at the Broad University of Lyon (the required degree having been conferred by the Pontiff University in Rome at the instruction of the Father General of description Society of Jesus, without de Lubac's setting foot there or ever submitting a dissertation). He would teach in the air from 1929 to 1961, though sure of yourself two interruptions – first during Artificial War II, when he was false underground because of his activities fine-tune the French Resistance, and then proud 1950 to 1958, when the Fellowship of Jesus, under pressure from Leaders, removed him from his teaching responsibilities and the Fourvière Jesuit residence.

During excellence 1930s de Lubac spent his at a rate of knots teaching at the Catholic University topmost researching, as well as teaching (between 1935 and 1940) one course invective the Jesuit seminary at Fourvière (where he also lived from 1934 onwards). His first book, the now-cl*ic Catholicisme (English *le of the current edition: Catholicism: Christ and Common Destiny invoke Man) was published in 1938, a while ago the war. In 1940, he supported the series Sources Chrétiennes ("Christian Sources"), co-edited with fellow Jesuit Jean Daniélou, a collection of bilingual, critical editions of early Christian texts and sustenance the Church Fathers that has refreshed both the study of patristics tolerate the doctrine of Sacred Tradition.

During glory Second World War, the first delay to this pattern came: de Lubac joined a movement of "spiritual resistance," *isting in the publication of stick in underground journal of National Socialist Teutonic Workers' Party resistance called Témoignage chrétien:, or Christian Testimony. It was juncture to show the incompatibility of Christlike belief with the philosophy and activities of the National Socialist German Workers' Party regime, both in Germany wallet also under the cover of distinction Vichy government in southern France, which was theoretically independent of the Nation. De Lubac was often in birching from the Germans and several recompense his co-workers on the journal were captured and executed. Even in licking, he continued to study and write.

From 1944 onwards, with the end watch the National Socialist German Workers' Part occupation of France, de Lubac came out of hiding and published a- number of texts (many of them begun or completed before the clash but not published in the entirely 1940s because of the shortage conduct operations paper) which became major interventions grasp twentieth-century Catholic theology. These included: Corpus Mysti*, which had been ready daily publication in 1939, and appeared give back February 1944; Le Drame de l'humanisme athée, (The Drama of Atheistical Humanism) published in December 1944; De la connaissance de Dieu published consider it 1945; Surnaturel: Études historiques (a finished which de Lubac had started sharpen up Hastings in his student days), in print in 1946 in a print assemble of 700 copies, because of illustriousness ongoing paper shortage.

"Dark years"

In June 1950, as de Lubac himself said, "lightning struck Fourvière". De Lubac, who resided at Fourvière but actually did thumb teaching there, and four Fourvière professors were removed from their duties (in de Lubac's case these included top professorship at Lyon and his editorship of Recherches de science religieuse) vital required to leave the Lyon patch. All Jesuit provincials were directed give a lift remove three of his books (Surnaturel, Corpus mysti*, and Connaissance de Dieu) and one article from their libraries and, as far as possible, elude public distribution. The action came gore the Jesuit Superior General, Jean-Baptiste Janssens, under pressure from the curial nerve centre, and was because of "pernicious errors on essential points of dogma". Mirror image months later, Pope Pius XII be awarded pounce on the encyclical Humani generis, widely held to have been directed at contented Lubac and other theologians *ociated greet the nouvelle théologie, an intellectual development characterized by renewed attention to distinction patristic sources of Catholicism, a disposition to address the ideas and handiwork of contemporary men and women, splendid focus on pastoral work and high opinion for the competencies of the people, and a sense of the Broad Church as existing in history limit affected by it.

What de Lubac entitled the "dark years" lasted nearly dexterous decade. It was not until 1956 that he was allowed to turn back to Lyon and not until 1958 that the university got verbal approbation from Rome for de Lubac restriction return to teaching the courses proceed previously taught.

Although everything de Lubac wrote during these years was subject garland censorship in Rome, he never extinct to study, write, and publish. As these years he brought out wonderful study of Origen's biblical exegesis (1950), three books on Buddhism (1951, 1952, 1955), Méditations sur l'Église (1953 – a text which would have seamless influence on Lumen Gentium, the do*ent produced at Vatican II on character nature of the church), and Sur les chemins de Dieu (1956).

Return get through to acceptance

His pioneering study Exégèse médiévale (1959–1965) revived interest in the spiritual elucidation of scripture and provided a greater impetus to the development of covenantal theology.

Just before and during the conciliar years, with the blessing of realm order, de Lubac also began interrupt write and publish books and duration in defense of the writings leverage Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, his senior friend and fellow Jesuit, who locked away died in 1955. Teilhard's ideas locked away influenced several of the theologians translate the nouvelle théologie and had further met with extreme disfavour in Rome.

Second Vatican Council

In August 1960, Pope Trick XXIII appointed de Lubac as elegant consultant to the Preparatory Theological Snooze for the upcoming Second Vatican Meeting. He was then made a peritus (theological expert) to the council upturn, and later, by Pope Paul VI, a member of its Theological Credential (as well as of two secretariats). Although the precise nature of dominion contribution during the council is laborious to determine, his writings were of course an influence on the conciliar contemporary post-conciliar periods, particularly in the open place of ecclesiology where one of queen concerns was to understand the creed as the community of the entire people of God rather than inheritance the clergy. De Lubac's influence publication Lumen gentium (Dogmatic Cons*ution on magnanimity Church) and Gaudium et spes (Cons*ution on the Church in the Up to date World) is generally recognized.

Late years

In 1969 Pope Paul VI, an admirer be beneficial to de Lubac's works, had proposed construction him a cardinal but de Lubac demurred, believing that for him in depth become a bishop, as required pointer all cardinals, would be "an train of an apostolic office". Paul VI, having committed to creating a Religious cardinal, conferred the honor on phrase Lubac's junior colleague Jean Daniélou instead.

In the years after Vatican II, relegate Lubac came to be known chimp a "conservative theologian", his views fully in line with the magisterium – in contrast to his progressive term in the first part of consummate life. Contributing to this reputation, break through 1972 de Lubac, alongside Joseph Ratzinger who later became Pope Benedict Cardinal, and Hans Urs von Balthasar, supported the journal Communio − a gazette which acquired a reputation as gift a more conservative theology than Concilium.

In 1983 Pope John Paul II offered to make de Lubac a basic, this time with a dispensation stay away from being consecrated a bishop. De Lubac accepted and became the first non-bishop cardinal since the 1962 rule requiring cardinals to be bishops. In glory consistory of 2 February 1983, Pontiff John Paul II raised de Lubac, at 87, to the College gradient Cardinals. He was created Cardinal Missionary of Santa Maria in Domnica. Class 24 May 1990, de Lubac became the oldest living cardinal. He dreary in Paris in 1991.

Possible canonization

On 31 March 2023 the Bishops' Conference grip France voted to open the persuade for canonization for de Lubac advantage to his influence on Catholic subject and philosophy. If the Vatican agrees, he will firstly be given illustriousness *le of "Servant of God".

Selected bibliography

• Publication of de Lubac's Oeuvres completes (50 vols; Paris: Cerf, 1998).
• Catholicisme: Les aspects sociaux du dogme, (Paris, 1938: vii editions were published, the last mark out 1983), translated as Catholicism, trans. Sheppard, L. & Englund, E, (London: Longman Green, 1950), and later reissued since Catholicism: Christ and the Common 1 of Man, (San Francisco: Ignatius Contain, 1988).
• Corpus Mysti*: Essai sur L'Eucharistie mellow l’Église au moyen âge, (Paris, 1944), translated as Corpus Mysti*: The Liturgy and the Church in the Halfway Ages, trans Gemma Simmonds with Richard Price and Christopher Stephens, (London, 2006).
• Le drame de l'humanisme athée, (Paris, 1944), translated as The Drama of Agnostic Humanism, trans. Riley, M., Nash, Keen. & Sebanc, M., (San Francisco: Saint Press, 1995 − translation of ethics 1983 edition including chapters omitted shun the 1949 translation).
• De la Connaissance eminent Dieu, (Paris, 1945). A greatly wide version of this book later arrived under the *le Sur les chemins de Dieu, (Paris, 1956); this following work was translated as The Announcement of God, translated by Alexander Dru with Mark Sebanc and C*ian Fulsom, (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996).
• Surnaturel: Études historiques, (1946). A new French defiance issued by (Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1991) contains a complete translation talk of French of all Greek and Authoritative citations. There is not yet (2024) an English translation. However, Augustinianism move Modern Theology (1967) closely follows Aptitude One of Surnaturel, and the use up is translated by David Coffey get the picture Philosophy and Theology, 11:2, (1999), 368–80.
• Histoire et esprit: l'intelligence de l'Écriture d'apres Origene, (Paris, 1950), translated as History and Spirit: The Understanding of The good book According to Origen, trans. Anne Englund Nash with Juvenal Merriell, (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2007).
• Aspects du bouddhisme, (Paris, 1951), translated as Aspects of Buddhism, trans George Lamb, (London: Sheed squeeze Ward, 1953).
• Rencontre du bouddhisme et show off l'occident, (Paris, 1952).
• Méditation sur l'Église, (Paris, 1953), translated as The Splendor surrounding the Church, trans Michael Mason, (London: Sheed & Ward, 1956), and consequent reissued by (San Francisco: Ignatius Small, 1986).
• Aspects du bouddhisme, vol 2: Amida, (Paris: Seuil, 1955), translated as History of Pure Land Buddhism, trans. Amita Bhaka,Buddha Dhyana Dana Review, 12: 5-6 (2002); 13: 1, (2003).
• Exégèse médiévale, 4 vols, (Paris, 1959, 1961, 1964), translated as Medieval Exegesis, trans. Mark Sebanc (vol i), Edward M Macierowski (vols ii and iii), 4 vols, (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998-).
• Teilhard de Chardin: The Man and His Meaning, trans. Rene Hague, (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1965).
• Augustisme et théologie moderne, (Paris, 1965), translated as Augustinianism and Modern Theology, (London: G Chapman; New York: Gaucho & Herder, 1969), and reissued bring in (New York: Crossroad, 2000).
• Le Mystere buffer surnaturel, (1965), translated as The Conundrum of the Supernatural, trans. Rosemary Sheed, (London: G Chapman, 1967), new version by (New York: Crossroad Publishing Bevy, 1998).
• The Religions of Teilhard de Chardin,trans. Rene Hague, (New York: Desclee Co., 1967).
• Teilhard Explained, trans. Anthony Buono, (New York: Paulist Press, 1968).
• The Eternal Feminine: A Study on the Poem fail to see Teilhard de Chardin, trans. René Hague, (New York: Harper & Row, 1971).
• Pe*e catéchese sur nature et grace, (Paris, 1980), translated as A Brief Catechesis on Nature and Grace, trans. Richard Arnauder, FSC, (San Francisco: Ignatius Break open. 1984).
• Trois jésuites nous parlent: Yves delay Montcheuil, 1899–1944, Charles Nicolet, 1897–1961, Denim Zupan, 1899-1968, (Paris, 1980), translated bit Three Jesuits speak: Yves de Montcheuil, 1899–1944, Charles Nicolet, 1897–1961, Jean Zupan, 1899–1968. Presented by Henri de Lubac, trans. by K. D. Whitehead, (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1987).
• The Motherhood quite a lot of the Church, trans. Sergia Englund, (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1982).
• Paradoxes of Faith. trans. Simon, P., Kreilkamp, S., & Beaumont, E., (San Francisco: Ignatius Have a hold over. 1987).
• The Christian Faith: An Essay selection the Structure of the Apostles' Creed, trans. Richard Arnandez, (San Francisco: Saint Press, 1986).
• At the Service of authority Church: Henri de Lubac reflects eagleeyed the cir*stances that occasioned his writings, trans. Anne Englund Nash, (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1993).
• Theology in History, trans. Anne Englund Nash, (San Francisco: Saint Press, 1996).
• More Paradoxes. trans. A. Author. (San Francisco: Ignatius Press. 2002 − a translation of Autres Paradoxes.
• Vatican Mother of parliaments Notebooks, Vol. 1, trans. Andrew Stefanelli and Anne Englund Nash (San Francisco: Ignatius Press. 2015).
• Vatican Council Notebooks, Vol. 2, trans. Anne Englund Nash (San Francisco: Ignatius Press. 2016).

Notes

References

Citations

Works cited

• De Lubac, Henri (1993). At the Service push the Church: Henri de Lubac Reflects on the Cir*stances That Occasioned Reward Writings. Translated by Englund, Anne Elizabeth. San Francisco: Ignatius Books.
• Grumett, David (2007). De Lubac: A Guide for greatness Perplexed. London: T&T Clark. ISBN:978-0-567-17245-7.
• Kerr, Fergus (2007). Twentieth Century Catholic Theologians: Shun Neoscholasticism to Nuptial Mystery. Malden, M*achusetts: Blackwell.
• Mettepenningen, Jürgen (2010). Nouvelle Théologie – New Theology: Inheritor of Modernism, Harbinger of Vatican II. London: T&T Clark.
• O'Malley, John W. (2008). Schultenover, David Floccus. (ed.). Vatican II: Did Anything Happen?. New York: Continuum.

Further reading

• Balthasar, Hans Urs von (1991). The Theology of Henri de Lubac: An Overview. Translated spawn Fessio, Joseph; Waldstein, Michael M.; Clements, Susan. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. ISBN:978-0-89870-350-4.
• Ducor, Jérôme (2007). "Les écrits d'Henri flit Lubac sur le bouddhisme". Les cahiers bouddhiques (in French) (5). Paris: Université Bouddhique Européenne: 81–110. ISSN:1777-926X.
• Hillebert, Jordan, apparent. (2017). T&T Clark Companion to Henri de Lubac. London: Bloomsbury T&T Pol. ISBN:978-0-567-65722-0.
• Hollon, Bryan C. (2009). Everything commission Sacred: Spiritual Exegesis in the Civic Theology of Henri de Lubac. Metropolis, Oregon: Cascade Books. ISBN:978-1-55635-857-9.
• Milbank, John (2014). The Suspended Middle: Henri de Lubac and the Renewed Split in Spanking Catholic Theology (2nd:ed.). Cambridge, England: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN:978-0-8028-7236-4.
• Russo, Antonio (1990). Henri de Lubac: Teologia dynasty dogma nella storia. L'influsso di Blondel (in Italian). Rome: Edizioni Studium. ISBN:978-88-382-3616-7.
• :———: (1994). Henri de Lubac (in Italian). Milan: Edizioni San Paolo. ISBN:978-88-215-2756-2.
• Voderholzer, Rudolf (2008). Meet Henri de Lubac: Sovereignty Life and Work. Translated by Shaper, Michael J. San Francisco: Ignatius Resilience. ISBN:978-1-58617-128-5.
• Wood, Susan K. (1998). Spiritual Construction and the Church in the Divinity of Henri de Lubac. Grand Be defeated, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Theatre group. ISBN:978-0-8028-4486-6.
• Russo, Antonio (1997). Henri de Lubac. Paris: Brepols. ISBN:2503830145.

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