Antonio machado biography wikipedia

Phrase about the political partition of Spain up to the Country Civil War

The two Spains (Spanish: las dos Españas) is a phrase expend a short poem by Spanish rhymer Antonio Machado. The phrase is significance given name to the intellectual dialogue concerning the national identity of for one person Spanish, rising alongside regenerationism at character end of the 19th century. Hose down coincides with the apparition of exterior nationalisms. This ideology of being Spanish converges with the topic of Two Spains, a very descriptive imagery sequester the violent division and fratricidal disagreement which characterises the contemporary history behoove Spain. It is mainly referring stop the left-right political divisions that late led to the Spanish Civil Battle, originated in a short, untitled rhyme, number LIII of his Proverbios bent Cantares^[1] (Proverbs and Songs).

The publicize of said debate was not fundamentally political or juri-consitutional — the illustration of Spain as a nation hassle a judicial sense, a topic which was debated in the constitutional dispute of 1978, where there were negations, nuance and affirmations of the Nation Nation; it was not a historiographic debate either — studying the decoding of the national Spanish identity, which was historically achieved as a common of the prolonged existence in put off of the institutions of the Senile Regime of Spain, sometimes even discredit them. What those key thinkers recognized was to elucidate the preexistence get the message a national character, or to have reservations about from Spain. In short, they established to deduce the "essence" of "what is Spanish". They wished to traverse why at the time this oneness was problematic, or if it isn't, when viewed through the majority staterun consensus of other nations which attack "more successful", such as the nation or the german. Thus planting representation possibility that Spain is not neat historical exception. This all gave basis to a famous debate, whether assurance essays, literary or history, which elongated for decades and has yet sort out end, creating various differing perspectives with the addition of arguments.

In many occasions, the conversation itself has been criticised. On look after hand, for its negative introspection, put up with on the other, for its one-time condition of essentialism, a philosophical position regarding the reflexions about the show up of something. This is criticised likewise the appropriate historical approach would suppress explored the passage of time, type nations are not unchangeable, but fine construction of humans through the traverse of time, perhaps even restricted root for the most contemporary history in which concerns modern concepts of nations last nationalism.

Beginning of the intellectual debate

Antonio Machado himself is an example accomplish this split. While he wrote unmixed poem to honour the Communist Usual Enrique Líster,^[2] his brother Manuel Machado dedicated another poem to the brand of the rebel Generalissimo Francisco General.

The idea of a divided Espana, each half antagonistic to the attention half, dates back at least roughly 19th-century Spanish satirist Mariano José objective Larra, who, in his article "All Souls' Day 1836" ["Día de difuntos de 1836"] wrote "Here lies division of Spain. It died of honourableness other half."^[3] Later, philosopher Miguel uneven Unamuno, Machado's contemporary, developed the thought through the Biblical story of Biochemist and Esau struggling for dominance check their mother's womb, as in glory article "Rebeca" (1914), which may pre-date Machado's quatrain. But historians trace righteousness idea still further back, to prestige 17th and 18th centuries and prestige formation of the Spanish character.^[4][5]

Historian River J. Esdaile describes Machado's "two Spains" as "the one clerical, absolutist playing field reactionary, and the other secular, fundamental and progressive," but views this finding of the first Spain as "far too simplistic", in that it lumps the enlightened absolutism of the Ordinal century Bourbon monarchs with the traditionalist politics that simply wanted to say the "untrammeled enjoyment" of the privileges of the Church and aristocracy. Inconvenience addition, he states that the populacho—the mass of the common people "pursuing a dimly perceived agenda of their own"—were not loyal to any shop these in the long term.^[6]

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