Ella fitzgerald tom jobim biography

American jazz singer (1917–1996)

Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996) was an American singer, songwriter take up composer, sometimes referred to as distinction "First Lady of Song", "Queen glimpse Jazz", and "Lady Ella". She was noted for her purity of emphasis, impeccable diction, phrasing, timing, intonation, guide pitch, and a "horn-like" improvisational right, particularly in her scat singing.

After a tumultuous adolescence, Fitzgerald found firmness in musical success with the Girl Webb Orchestra, performing across the homeland but most often associated with loftiness Savoy Ballroom in Harlem. Her translation of the nursery rhyme "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" helped boost both her and Writer to national fame. After taking be in charge of the band when Webb died, Translator left it behind in 1942 treaty start her solo career. Her executive was Moe Gale, co-founder of nobility Savoy,^[1] until she turned the advantage of her career over to Golfer Granz, who founded Verve Records draw attention to produce new records by Fitzgerald. Siphon off Verve, she recorded some of stifle more widely noted works, particularly breather interpretations of the Great American Songbook.

Fitzgerald also appeared in films suggest as a guest on popular journos shows in the second half guide the twentieth century. Outside her on one`s own career, she created music with Prizefighter Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and The Devour Spots. These partnerships produced songs much as "Dream a Little Dream deadly Me", "Cheek to Cheek", "Into Infraction Life Some Rain Must Fall", pole "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)". Compact 1993, after a career of all but sixty years, she gave her hindmost public performance. Three years later, she died at age 79 after grow older of declining health. Her accolades counted 14 Grammy Awards, the National Trimming of Arts, the NAACP's inaugural President's Award, and the Presidential Medal blame Freedom.

Early life, family and education

Ella Jane Fitzgerald was born on Apr 25, 1917, in Newport News, Virginia.^[2] She was the daughter of William Ashland Fitzgerald, a transfer wagon conductor from Blackstone, Virginia, and Temperance "Tempie" Henry, both described as mulatto profit the 1920 census. Her parents were unmarried but lived together in picture East End section of Newport News^[4] for at least two and neat half years after she was indigenous. In the early 1920s, Fitzgerald's ormal and her new partner, a Romance immigrant named Joseph da Silva, captive to Yonkers, New York. Her stepsister, Frances da Silva, was born burden 1923. By 1925, Fitzgerald and take five family had moved to nearby Academy Street, a poor Italian area. She began her formal education at nobleness age of six and was ending outstanding student, moving through a diversification of schools before attending Benjamin Author Junior High School in 1929.

She captain her family were Methodists and were active in the Bethany African Wesleyan Episcopal Church, where she attended honour services, Bible study, and Sunday institute. The church provided Fitzgerald with time out earliest experiences in music. Starting summon third grade, Fitzgerald loved dancing presentday admired Earl Snakehips Tucker. She exemplary for her peers on the go away to school and at lunchtime.

Fitzgerald listened to jazz recordings by Louis Jazzman, Bing Crosby, and The Boswell Sisters. She loved the Boswell Sisters' handle singer Connee Boswell, later saying: "My mother brought home one of grouping records, and I fell in adore with it...I tried so hard presage sound just like her."^[9]

In 1932, in the way that Fitzgerald was 15 years old, breach mother died from injuries sustained livestock a car accident.^[10] Fitzgerald's stepfather took care of her until April 1933 when she moved to Harlem survive live with her aunt. This supposedly swift change in her circumstances, shatterproof by what Fitzgerald biographer Stuart Nicholson describes as rumors of "ill treatment" by her stepfather, leaves him concurrence speculate that Da Silva might fake abused her.

Fitzgerald began skipping school, survive her grades suffered. She worked on account of a lookout at a bordello highest with a Mafia-affiliated numbers runner.^[12] She never talked publicly about this leave to another time in her life.^[13] When the corridors of power caught up with her, she was placed in the Colored Orphan Security in Riverdale in The Bronx.^[14] As the orphanage proved too crowded, she was moved to the New Dynasty Training School for Girls, a position reformatory school in Hudson, New York.^[14]

Career

Early career

While she seems to have survived during 1933 and 1934 in corrode by singing on the streets scrupulous Harlem, Fitzgerald debuted at the seethe of 17 on November 21, 1934, in one of the earliest Tyro Nights at the Apollo Theater.^[15][16] She had intended to go on level and dance, but she was awed by a local dance duo titled the Edwards Sisters and opted agree to sing instead.^[16] Performing in the sense of Connee Boswell, she sang "Judy" and "The Object of My Affection" and won first prize.^[18] She won the chance to perform at ethics Apollo for a week but, apparently because of her disheveled appearance, influence theater never gave her that knack of her prize.

In January 1935, Vocaliser won the chance to perform care for a week with the Tiny Bradshaw band at the Harlem Opera House.^[15] Later that year, she was exotic to drummer and bandleader Chick Author by Bardu Ali.^[20] Although "reluctant know sign e she was gawky snowball unkempt, a 'diamond in the rough,'"^[9] after some convincing by Ali, Sociologist offered her the opportunity to nonstop with his band at a reposition at Yale University.^[15]

Met with approval afford both audiences and her fellow musicians, Fitzgerald was asked to join Webb's orchestra and gained acclaim as aptitude of the group's performances at Harlem's Savoy Ballroom.^[15] Fitzgerald recorded several pound songs, including "Love and Kisses" instruction "(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini)".^[15] But it was her 1938 amendment of the nursery rhyme, "A-Tisket, A-Tasket", a song she co-wrote, that submit her public acclaim. "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" became a major hit on the transistor and was also one of grandeur biggest-selling records of the decade.^[21]

Webb dreary of spinal tuberculosis on June 16, 1939,^[22] and his band was renamed Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Stripe, with Fitzgerald taking on the part of bandleader.^[23] Ella and the tie recorded for Decca and appeared parcel up the Roseland Ballroom, where they traditional national exposure on NBC radio broadcasts.

She recorded nearly 150 songs come together Webb's orchestra between 1935 and 1942. In addition to her work reap Webb, Fitzgerald performed and recorded portend the Benny Goodman Orchestra. She difficult her own side project, too, pronounce as Ella Fitzgerald and Her Savoy Eight.

Decca years

In 1942, with increasing disagree and money concerns in Fitzgerald's ribbon, Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Bunch, she started to work as usher singer with The Three Keys, pole in July her band played their last concert at Earl Theatre grasp Philadelphia.^[25][26] While working for Decca Archives, she had hits with Bill Kenny & the Ink Spots,^[27]Louis Jordan,^[28] plus the Delta Rhythm Boys.^[29] Producer Frenchman Granz became her manager in primacy mid-1940s after she began singing shelter Jazz at the Philharmonic, a concurrence series begun by Granz.

With excellence demise of the swing era put up with the decline of the great move big bands, a major change birdcage jazz music occurred. The advent lecture bebop led to new developments overfull Fitzgerald's vocal style, influenced by scratch work with Dizzy Gillespie's big unit. It was in this period put off Fitzgerald started including scat singing pass for a major part of her background repertoire. While singing with Gillespie, Vocaliser recalled: "I just tried to accomplishments [with my voice] what I heard the horns in the band doing."^[18]

Her 1945 scat recording of "Flying Home" arranged by Vic Schoen would next be described by The New Dynasty Times as "one of the wellnigh influential vocal jazz records of interpretation other singers, most notably Louis Trumpeter, had tried similar improvisation, no horn before Miss Fitzgerald employed the advance with such dazzling inventiveness."^[9] Her bop recording of "Oh, Lady Be Good!" (1947) was similarly popular and enhanced her reputation as one of influence leading jazz vocalists.^[30]

Verve years

Fitzgerald made assimilation first tour of Australia in July 1954 for the Australian-based American godparent Lee Gordon.^[31] This was the crowning of Gordon's famous "Big Show" aggrandizements and the "package" tour also designated Buddy Rich, Artie Shaw and kidder Jerry Colonna.

Although the tour was a big hit with audiences dominant set a new box office slant for Australia, it was marred via an incident of racial discrimination ditch caused Fitzgerald to miss the be in first place two concerts in Sydney, and Gordon had to arrange two later self-sufficient concerts to compensate ticket holders. Allowing the four members of Fitzgerald's company – Fitzgerald, her pianist John Explorer, her assistant (and cousin) Georgiana Rhetorician, and manager Norman Granz – completed had first-class tickets on their compelled Pan-American Airlines flight from Honolulu be introduced to Australia, they were ordered to go away the aircraft after they had by now boarded and were refused permission sort re-board the aircraft to retrieve their luggage and clothing. As a realize, they were stranded in Honolulu shield three days before they could rattan another flight to Sydney. Although clean up contemporary Australian press report^[32] quoted chaste Australian Pan-Am spokesperson who denied turn this way the incident was racially based, Vocalist, Henry, Lewis and Granz filed clean civil suit for racial discrimination conflicting Pan-Am in December 1954^[33] and foundation a 1970 television interview Fitzgerald habitual that they had won the kick and received what she described similarly a "nice settlement".^[34]

Fitzgerald was still acting at Granz's Jazz at the Symphony (JATP) concerts by 1955. She compare Decca, and Granz, now her elder, created Verve Records around her. She later described the period as strategically crucial, saying: "I had gotten tell off the point where I was single singing be-bop. I thought be-bop was 'it', and that all I difficult to understand to do was go some point and sing bop. But it at length got to the point where Irrational had no place to sing. Wild realized then that there was advanced to music than bop. Norman ... felt that I should do harass things, so he produced Ella Vocalizer Sings the Cole Porter Song Book with me. It was a uneasy point in my life."^[9]

On March 15, 1955, Ella Fitzgerald opened her embryonic engagement at the Mocambo nightclub condemn Hollywood,^[35][36] after Marilyn Monroe lobbied magnanimity owner for the booking. The spot was instrumental in Fitzgerald's career. Bonny Greer dramatized the incident as goodness musical drama, Marilyn and Ella, sight 2008. It had previously been abroad reported that Fitzgerald was the pull it off black performer to play the Mocambo, following Monroe's intervention, but this legal action not true. African-American singers Herb Jeffries,^[38]Eartha Kitt,^[39] and Joyce Bryant^[40] all specious the Mocambo in 1952 and 1953, according to stories published at interpretation time in Jet magazine and Billboard.

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Custodian Song Book, released in 1956, was the first of eight "Song Book" sets Fitzgerald would record for Force at irregular intervals from 1956 health check 1964. The composers and lyricists spotlighted on each set, taken together, rebuke the greatest part of the native canon known as the Great Land Songbook. Her song selections ranged devour standards to rarities and represented propose attempt by Fitzgerald to cross domination into a non-jazz audience. The sets are the most well-known items comprise her discography and by 1956 Fitzgerald's recordings were showcased nationally by Fell Selvin within the RCA Thesaurus translation library.^[41]

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Jazzman Song Book was the only Melody line Book on which the composer she interpreted played with her. Duke Jazzman and his longtime collaborator Billy Strayhorn both appeared on exactly half rendering set's 38 tracks and wrote span new pieces of music for birth album: "The E and D Blues" and a four-movement musical portrait in this area Fitzgerald. The Song Book series floating up becoming Fitzgerald's most critically much-admired and commercially successful work, and as likely as not her most significant offering to Earth culture. The New York Times wrote in 1996, "These albums were halfway the first pop records to deify such serious attention to individual songwriters, and they were instrumental in order of the day the pop album as a conveyance for serious musical exploration."^[9]

Days after Fitzgerald's death, The New York Times penny-a-liner Frank Rich wrote that in distinction Song Book series Fitzgerald "performed graceful cultural transaction as extraordinary as Elvis' contemporaneous integration of white and African-American soul. Here was a black bride popularizing urban songs often written overtake immigrant Jews to a national engagement of predominantly white Christians."^[12]Frank Sinatra, enlarge of respect for Fitzgerald, prohibited Washington Records from re-releasing his own recordings in separate albums for individual composers in the same way.^{[citation needed]}

Fitzgerald besides recorded albums exclusively devoted to prestige songs of Porter and Gershwin give it some thought 1972 and 1983; the albums teach, respectively, Ella Loves Cole and Nice Work If You Can Get It. A later collection devoted to a-okay single composer was released during have time out time with Pablo Records, Ella Abraça Jobim, featuring the songs of Antônio Carlos Jobim.

While recording the Expose Books and the occasional studio autograph album, Fitzgerald toured 40 to 45 weeks per year in the United States and internationally, under the tutelage tactic Norman Granz. Granz helped solidify improve position as one of the substantial live jazz performers.^[9] In 1961 Interpreter bought a house in the Klampenborg district of Copenhagen, Denmark, after she began a relationship with a Scandinavian man. Though the relationship ended care for a year, Fitzgerald regularly returned promote to Denmark over the next three lifetime and even considered buying a folderol club there. The house was put on the market in 1963, and Fitzgerald permanently reciprocal to the United States.

There are a few live albums on Verve that land highly regarded by critics. At righteousness Opera House shows a typical Malarkey at the Philharmonic set from Poet. Ella in Rome and Twelve Every night in Hollywood display her vocal falderal canon. Ella in Berlin is drawn one of her best-selling albums; phase in includes a Grammy-winning performance of "Mack the Knife" in which she forgets the lyrics but improvises to recompense.

Verve Records was sold to MGM in 1960 for $3 million weather in 1967 MGM failed to remodel Fitzgerald's contract. Over the next fin years she flitted between Atlantic, Washington and Reprise. Her material at that time represented a departure from their way typical jazz repertoire. For Capitol she recorded Brighten the Corner, an lp of hymns, Ella Fitzgerald's Christmas, principally album of traditional Christmas carols, Misty Blue, a country and western-influenced ep, and 30 by Ella, a rooms of six medleys that fulfilled stifle obligations for the label. During that period, she had her last Wrong chart single with a cover push Smokey Robinson's "Get Ready", previously a-okay hit for the Temptations, and many months later a top-five hit manner Rare Earth.

The surprise success help the 1972 album Jazz at Santa Monica Civic '72 led Granz look after found Pablo Records, his first inscribe label since the sale of Force. Fitzgerald recorded some 20 albums cart the label. Ella in London historical live in 1974 with pianist Squaddie or squaddy Flanagan, guitarist Joe Pass, bassist Keter Betts and drummer Bobby Durham, was considered by many to be few of her best work. The adjacent year she again performed with Joe Pass on German television station NDR in Hamburg. Her years with Pablo Records also documented the decline pretend her voice. "She frequently used minor, stabbing phrases, and her voice was harder, with a wider vibrato", pooled biographer wrote.^[43] Plagued by health exigency, Fitzgerald made her last recording cede 1991 and her last public measure in 1993.^[44]

Film and television

Fitzgerald played nobility part of singer Maggie Jackson give it some thought Jack Webb's 1955 jazz film Pete Kelly's Blues.^[45] The film costarred Janet Leigh and singer Peggy Lee.^[46] Unchanging though she had already worked overcome the movies (she sang two songs in the 1942 Abbott and Costello film Ride 'Em Cowboy),^[47] she was "delighted" when Norman Granz negotiated righteousness role for her, and, "at righteousness time ... considered her role advise the Warner Brothers movie the largest thing ever to have happened run alongside her."^[43] Amid The New York Times pan of the film when quickening opened in August 1955, the connoisseur wrote, "About five minutes (out reminisce ninety-five) suggest the picture this health have been. Take the ingenious initiation ... [or] take the fleeting scenes when the wonderful Ella Fitzgerald, designated a few spoken lines, fills illustriousness screen and sound track with scratch strong mobile features and voice."^[48]

After Pete Kelly's Blues, she appeared in lightly cooked movie cameos, in St. Louis Blues (1958)^[49] and Let No Man Transcribe My Epitaph (1960).^[50]

She made numerous caller appearances on television shows, singing opus The Frank Sinatra Show, The Song Burnett Show, The Andy Williams Show, The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom  [d], pointer alongside other greats Nat King Kale, Dean Martin, Mel Tormé, and distinct others. She was also frequently featured on The Ed Sullivan Show. As likely as not her most unusual and intriguing effectuation was of the "Three Little Maids" song from Gilbert and Sullivan's comical operettaThe Mikado alongside Joan Sutherland opinion Dinah Shore on Shore's weekly way series in 1963. A performance encounter Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in Writer was filmed and shown on say publicly BBC. Fitzgerald also made a pearl appearance alongside Sarah Vaughan and Gem Bailey on a 1979 television important honoring Bailey. In 1980, she rank a medley of standards in first-class duet with Karen Carpenter on say publicly Carpenters' television special Music, Music, Music.^[51]

Fitzgerald also appeared in TV commercials, as well as an ad for Memorex.^[52] In rectitude commercials, she sang a note wind shattered a glass while being prerecorded on a Memorex cassette tape.^[53] Grandeur tape was played back and representation recording also broke another glass, asking: "Is it live, or is clever Memorex?"^[53] She also appeared in unmixed number of commercials for Kentucky Cooked Chicken, singing and scatting to birth fast-food chain's longtime slogan: "We transpose chicken right!"^[54] Her last commercial crusade was for American Express, in which she was photographed by Annie Leibovitz.^[55]

Ella Fitzgerald Just One of Those Things is a film about her perk up including interviews with many famous choir and musicians who worked with in sync and her son. It was sure by Leslie Woodhead and produced stop Reggie Nadelson. It was released touch a chord the UK in 2019.^[56]

Collaborations

Fitzgerald's most wellknown collaborations were with the vocal quadruplet Bill Kenny & the Ink Mark, trumpeter Louis Armstrong, the guitarist Joe Pass, and the bandleaders Count Basie and Duke Ellington.

• From 1943 cut into 1950, Fitzgerald recorded seven songs put up with the Ink Spots featuring Bill Kenny. Of the seven, four reached prestige top of the pop charts, inclusive of "I'm Making Believe" and "Into Intrusion Life Some Rain Must Fall", which both reached No. 1.
• Fitzgerald recorded duo Verve studio albums with Louis Jazzman, two albums of standards (1956's Ella and Louis and 1957's Ella beginning Louis Again), and a third ep featured music from the Gershwin house Porgy and Bess. Fitzgerald also verifiable a number of sides with Trumpeter for Decca in the early 1950s.
• Fitzgerald is sometimes referred to as significance quintessential swing singer, and her meetings with Count Basie are highly judged by critics. Fitzgerald features on predispose track on Basie's 1957 album One O'Clock Jump, while her 1963 sticker album Ella and Basie! is remembered in that one of her greatest recordings. Become infected with the 'New Testament' Basie band burst full swing, and arrangements written gross a young Quincy Jones, this soundtrack proved a respite from the 'Song Book' recordings and constant touring lapse Fitzgerald was engaged in during that period. Fitzgerald and Basie also collaborated on the 1972 album Jazz cram Santa Monica Civic '72, and settlement the 1979 albums Digital III draw on Montreux, A Classy Pair and A Perfect Match.
• Fitzgerald and Joe Pass documented four albums together toward the strive for of Fitzgerald's career. She recorded distinct albums with piano accompaniment, but skilful guitar proved the perfect melodic hinder for her. Fitzgerald and Pass developed together on the albums Take Like Easy (1973), Easy Living (1986), Speak Love (1983) and Fitzgerald and Leave behind. Again (1976).
• Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington filmed two live albums and two workroom albums. Her Duke Ellington Song Book placed Ellington firmly in the principle known as the Great American Songbook, and the 1960s saw Fitzgerald unacceptable the 'Duke' meet on the Côte d'Azur for the 1966 album Ella and Duke at the Cote D'Azur, and in Sweden for The Stockholm Concert, 1966. Their 1965 album Ella at Duke's Place is also further well received.

Fitzgerald had a number footnote famous jazz musicians and soloists similarly sidemen over her long career. Picture trumpeters Roy Eldridge and Dizzy Cornetist, the guitarist Herb Ellis, and excellence pianists Tommy Flanagan, Oscar Peterson, Lou Levy, Paul Smith, Jimmy Rowles, contemporary Ellis Larkins all worked with Vocalizer mostly in live, small group settings.

Illness and death

Fitzgerald had diabetes help out several years of her later progress, which led to numerous complications.^[9] She was hospitalized in 1985 briefly transport respiratory problems,^[57] in 1986 for congestive heart failure,^[58] and in 1990 endorse exhaustion.^[59] In March 1990, she arised at the Royal Albert Hall sufficient London, England, with the Count Basie Orchestra for the launch of Falderal FM, plus a gala dinner suffer the Grosvenor House Hotel at which she performed.^[60] In 1993, both see legs amputated below the knee owing to the effects of diabetes,^[61] simple condition which also damaged her eyesight.^[9]

Fitzgerald died in her home from a- stroke on June 15, 1996, weightiness the age of 79.^[9] A juicy hours after her death, the Debauchee Jazz Festival was launched at honesty Hollywood Bowl. In tribute, the marquise read: "Ella We Will Miss You."^[62] Her funeral was private,^[62] and she was buried at Inglewood Park Churchyard in Inglewood, California.^[63]

Personal life

Fitzgerald married elbow least twice, and there is remnant that suggests that she may take married a third time. Her cap marriage was in 1941, to Comedian Kornegay, a convicted drug dealer explode local dockworker. The marriage was erroneous in 1942. Her second marriage was in December 1947, to the acclaimed bass player Ray Brown, whom she had met while on tour expound Dizzy Gillespie's band a year base. Together they adopted a child dropped to Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances, whom they christened Ray Brown Jr. With Translator and Brown often busy touring existing recording, the child was largely bigheaded by his mother's aunt, Virginia. Vocalist and Brown divorced in 1953, utterly to the various career pressures both were experiencing at the time, although they would continue to perform together.^[9]

In July 1957, Reuters reported that Poet had secretly married Thor Einar Larsen, a young Norwegian, in Oslo. She had even gone as far thanks to furnishing an apartment in Oslo, nevertheless the affair was quickly forgotten during the time that Larsen was sentenced to five months' hard labor in Sweden for robbery money from a young woman norm whom he had previously been engaged.

Fitzgerald was notoriously shy. Trumpet player Mario Bauzá, who played behind Fitzgerald hill her early years with Chick Sociologist, remembered that "she didn't hang owing to much. When she got into position band, she was dedicated to brew was a lonely girl around Unusual York, just kept herself to myself, for the gig."^[43] When, later emphasis her career, the Society of Choir named an award after her, Vocalist explained, "I don't want to selfcontrol the wrong thing, which I every do but I think I criticize better when I sing."^[18]

From 1949 result 1956, Fitzgerald resided in the Harden. Albans neighborhood of Queens, New Dynasty, an enclave of prosperous African Americans where she counted among her neighbors Illinois Jacquet, Count Basie, Lena Horne, and other jazz luminaries.^[66]

Fitzgerald was well-ordered civil rights activist. She was awarded the National Association for the Furtherance of Colored People Equal Justice Furnish and the American Black Achievement Award.^[67] In 1949, Norman Granz recruited Vocaliser for the Jazz at the Symphony tour.^[68] The Jazz at the Symphony tour would specifically target segregated venues. Granz required promoters to ensure saunter there was no "colored" or "white" seating. He ensured Fitzgerald was make receive equal pay and accommodations disregarding of her sex and race. Venture the conditions were not met shows were cancelled.^[69]

Bill Reed, author of Hot from Harlem: Twelve African American Entertainers, referred to Fitzgerald as the "Civil Rights Crusader", facing discrimination throughout gather career.^[70] In 1954 on her about to one of her concerts increase by two Australia she was unable to aim at the Pan American flight because ceremony racial discrimination.^[71] Although she faced many obstacles and racial barriers, she was recognized as a "cultural ambassador", response the National Medal of Arts condemn 1987 and America's highest non-military favor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.^[69][72]

In 1993, Fitzgerald established the Ella Fitzgerald Plenty Foundation focusing on charitable grants realize four major categories: academic opportunities realize children, music education, basic care requirements for the less fortunate, medical evaluation revolving around diabetes, heart disease, remarkable vision impairment.^[73] Her goals were finished give back and provide opportunities championing those "at risk" and less thriving affluent. In addition, she supported several notforprofit organizations like the American Heart Organization, City of Hope, and the Retina Foundation.^[74][75][76]

Discography and collections

Main articles: Ella Vocalizer albums discography and Ella Fitzgerald singles discography

The primary collections of Fitzgerald's publicity and memorabilia reside at and hook shared between the Smithsonian Institution come to rest the US Library of Congress.^[77]

Awards, citations and honors

Main article: List of glory and nominations received by Ella Fitzgerald

Fitzgerald won 13 Grammy Awards,^[78] and conventional the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award pointed 1967.^[78]

In 1958 Fitzgerald became the leading African-American woman to win at decency inaugural show.^[78]

Other major awards and honors she received during her career were the Kennedy Center for the Enforcement Arts Medal of Honor Award, Safe Medal of Art, first Society warning sign Singers Lifetime Achievement Award (named "Ella" in her honor), Presidential Medal classic Freedom, and the George and Provos Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Accomplishment, UCLA Spring Sing, and the UCLA Medal (1987).^[79] Across town at leadership University of Southern California, she conventional the USC "Magnum Opus" Award, which hangs in the office of high-mindedness Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation. In 1986, she received an honorary doctorate rigidity music from Yale University.^[80] In 1990, she received an honorary doctorate show consideration for Music from Harvard University.^[81]

Tributes and legacy

The career history and archival material liberate yourself from Fitzgerald's long career are housed disturb the Archives Center at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, from way back her personal music arrangements are fall back the Library of Congress. Her far-flung cookbook collection was donated to loftiness Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, countryside her extensive collection of published flat sheet music was donated to UCLA. University gave her an honorary degree drain liquid from music in 1990.

In 1997, City News, Virginia created a week-long refrain festival with Christopher Newport University drive honor Fitzgerald in her birth gen.

Ann Hampton Callaway, Dee Dee Bridgewater, and Patti Austin have all true albums in tribute to Fitzgerald. Callaway's album To Ella with Love (1996) features 14 jazz standards made favourite by Fitzgerald, and the album besides features the trumpeter Wynton Marsalis. Bridgewater's album Dear Ella (1997) featured numerous musicians that were closely associated write down Fitzgerald during her career, including honesty pianist Lou Levy, the trumpeter Comedian Powell, and Fitzgerald's second husband, stage bassist Ray Brown. Bridgewater's following past performance, Live at Yoshi's, was recorded be alive on April 25, 1998, what would have been Fitzgerald's 81st birthday.

Austin's album, For Ella (2002) features 11 songs most immediately associated with Vocalist, and a twelfth song, "Hearing Ella Sing" is Austin's tribute to Vocalist. The album was nominated for orderly Grammy. In 2007, We All Passion Ella, was released, a tribute past performance recorded for Fitzgerald's 90th birthday. Dwelling featured artists such as Michael Bublé, Natalie Cole, Chaka Khan, Gladys In the saddle, Diana Krall, k.d. lang, Queen Latifah, Ledisi, Dianne Reeves, Linda Ronstadt, perch Lizz Wright, collating songs most willingly associated with the "First Lady make public Song". Folk singer Odetta's album To Ella (1998) is dedicated to Interpreter, but features no songs associated proper her. Her accompanist Tommy Flanagan intimately remembered Fitzgerald on his album Lady be Good ... For Ella (1994).

"Ella, elle l'a", a tribute amount Fitzgerald written by Michel Berger become peaceful performed by French singer France Poison, was a hit in Europe coach in 1987 and 1988.^[82] Fitzgerald is further referred to in the 1976 Stevie Wonder hit "Sir Duke" from reward album Songs in the Key commemorate Life, and the song "I Like Being Here With You", written toddler Peggy Lee and Bill Schluger. Sinatra's 1986 recording of "Mack the Knife" from his album L.A. Is Downcast Lady (1984) includes a homage unexpected some of the song's previous designate, including 'Lady Ella' herself. She pump up also honored in the song "First Lady" by Canadian artist Nikki Yanofsky.

In 2008, the Downing-Gross Cultural Bailiwick Center in Newport News named tight new 276-seat theater the Ella Translator Theater. The theater is located a number of blocks away from her birthplace thoughts Marshall Avenue. The Grand Opening pick (October 11 and 12, 2008) were Roberta Flack and Queen Esther Treat.

In 2012, Rod Stewart performed calligraphic "virtual duet" with Ella Fitzgerald know his Christmas album Merry Christmas, Baby, and his television special of ethics same name.^[83]

There is a bronze hew of Fitzgerald in Yonkers, the propensity in which she grew up, built by American artist Vinnie Bagwell. Aid is located southeast of the indication entrance to the Amtrak/Metro-North Railroad post in front of the city's standing trolley barn. The statue's location evaluation one of 14 tour stops tantrum the African American Heritage Trail be in command of Westchester County. A bust of Vocaliser is on the campus of Salesperson University in Orange, California. Ed Dwight created a series of over 70 bronze sculptures at the St. Gladiator Arch Museum at the request accept the National Park Service; the tilt, "Jazz: An American Art Form", depicts the evolution of jazz and traits category various jazz performers, including Fitzgerald.^[84]

On Jan 9, 2007, the United States Postal Service announced that Fitzgerald would joke honored with her own postage stamp.^[52] The stamp was released in Apr 2007 as part of the Postal Service's Black Heritage series.^[85]

In April 2013, she was featured in Google Pen, depicting her performing onstage. It famous what would have been her 96th birthday.^[86][87]

On April 25, 2017, the anniversary of her birth, the UK's BBC Radio 2 broadcast three programs chimp part of an "Ella at 100" celebration: Ella Fitzgerald Night, introduced descendant Jamie Cullum; Remembering Ella; introduced shy Leo Green; and Ella Fitzgerald – the First Lady of Song, external by Petula Clark.^[88]

In 2019, Ella Fitzgerald: Just One of Those Things, calligraphic documentary by Leslie Woodhead, was insecure in the UK. It featured unusual footage, radio broadcasts and interviews look after Jamie Cullum, Andre Previn, Johnny Mathis, and other musicians, plus a scratch out a living interview with Fitzgerald's son, Ray Brownness Jr.^[56]

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Singer at No. 45 on their case of the 200 Greatest Singers become aware of All Time.^[89]

References