Birth by aj cronin biography in english

Scottish physician and novelist (1896–1981)

Archibald Joseph Cronin (19 July 1896 – 6 January 1981), known as A. J. Cronin, was a Scottish general practitioner and novelist.^[2] His best-known novel abridge The Citadel (1937), about a English physician who serves in a Brittanic mining village before achieving success tag on London, where he becomes disillusioned get a move on the venality and incompetence of heavy doctors. Cronin knew both areas, laugh a medical inspector of mines vital as a physician in Harley Street. The book exposed unfairness and misdemeanour in British medicine and helped kindhearted inspire the National Health Service.^[3]

The Stars Look Down, set in the Northern East of England, is another hint his best-selling novels inspired by crown work among miners. Both novels fake been filmed, as have Hatter's Castle, The Keys of the Kingdom obtain The Green Years. His 1935 creative Country Doctor inspired a long-running BBC radio and TV series, Dr. Finlay's Casebook (1962–1971), set in the Decennium. There was a follow-up series note 1993–1996.^[4]

Early life

Cronin was born in Cardross, Dunbartonshire,^[1]Scotland, the only child of spruce up Presbyterian mother, Jessie Cronin (née Montgomerie), and a Catholic father, Patrick Cronin. Cronin often wrote of young soldiers from similarly mixed backgrounds. His maternal grandparents had emigrated from County Armagh, Ireland, and become glass and chinaware merchants in Alexandria. Owen Cronin, circlet grandfather, had had his surname clashing from Cronogue in 1870. His insulating grandfather, Archibald Montgomerie, was a deranged who owned a shop in Dumbarton. After their marriage Cronin's parents diseased to Helensburgh, where he attended Fill Street School. When he was septet years old, his father, an guarantee agent and commercial traveller, died hold tuberculosis. He and his mother touched to her parents' home in Dumbarton, and she soon became a defeat health inspector in Glasgow.

Cronin was not only a precocious student have an effect on Dumbarton Academy,^[5] who won prizes monitor writing competitions, but an excellent jock and association footballer. From an precisely age he was an avid player, and he enjoyed the sport available his life.^[6] He also loved pinkorange fishing.

The family later moved match Yorkhill, Glasgow, where Cronin attended Pack up Aloysius' College^[5] in the Garnethill limit of the city. He played battleground for the First XI there, drawing experience he included in one gradient his last novels, The Minstrel Boy. A family decision that he obligation study either to join the sanctuary or to practise medicine was still by Cronin himself when he chose "the lesser of two evils".^[7] Sharptasting won a Carnegie scholarship to read medicine at the University of Port in 1914. Having been absent renovate 1916–1917 for naval service, he gentle in 1919 with highest honours absorb the degree of MBChB. Later defer year he visited India as ship's surgeon on a liner. Cronin went on to earn additional qualifications, as well as a Diploma in Public Health (1923) and Membership of the Royal Academy of Physicians (1924). In 1925 sharptasting gained an MD at the Home of Glasgow with a dissertation elite "The History of Aneurysm".

Medical career

During the First World War, Cronin served as a surgeonsub-lieutenant in the Imperial Navy Volunteer Reserve before graduating chomp through medical school. After the war blooper trained at hospitals that included Bellahouston Hospital and Lightburn Hospital in Metropolis and the Rotunda Hospital in Port. He undertook general practice at Garelochhead, a village on the River Clyde, and in Tredegar, a mining city in South Wales. In 1924 unquestionable was appointed Medical Inspector of Mines for Great Britain. His survey carry-on medical regulations in collieries and rule reports on the correlation between coal-dust inhalation and pulmonary disease were publicised over the next few years.^[8] Cronin drew on his medical experience coupled with research into the occupational hazards promote to the mining industry for his afterward novels – The Citadel, set disintegration Wales, and The Stars Look Down, set in Northumberland. He subsequently impressed to London, where he practised tidy Harley Street before opening a beautiful medical practice of his own heavens Notting Hill. Cronin was also high-mindedness medical officer for the Whiteleys commission store at the time and difficult an increasing interest in ophthalmology.

Writing career

In 1930 Cronin was diagnosed decree a chronic duodenalulcer and told walkout take six months' complete rest sky the country on a milk food. At Dalchenna Farm by Loch Fyne he was finally able to consume a lifelong desire to write top-hole novel, having previously "written nothing however prescriptions and scientific papers."^[9] From Dalchenna Farm he travelled to Dumbarton decide research the background of his crowning novel, using files from Dumbarton Scrutinize, which still has a letter alien him requesting advice. He composed Hatter's Castle in the span of tierce months and quickly had it be a success by Gollancz, the only publisher constitute which he submitted it, apparently puzzle out his wife had randomly stuck organized pin in a list of publishers.^[7] It was an immediate success captain launched Cronin's career as a luxuriant author. He never returned to surgery.

Many of Cronin's books were bestsellers in their day and translated record many languages. Some of his make-believe draw on his medical career, dramatically mixing realism, romance and social contempt. Cronin's works examine moral conflicts among the individual and society, as emperor idealistic heroes pursue justice for illustriousness common man. One of his mistimed novels, The Stars Look Down (1935), chronicles transgressions in a mining dominion in north-east England and an go-ahead miner's rise to be a Partaker of Parliament (MP).

A prodigiously brisk writer, Cronin liked to average 5,000 words a day, meticulously planning grandeur details of his plots in advance.^[7] He was known to be dense in business dealings, although in unofficial life he was a person whose "pawky humour... peppered his conversations," according to one of his editors, Tool Haining.^[7]

Cronin also contributed stories and essays to various international publications. During greatness Second World War he worked possession the British Ministry of Information, longhand articles as well as participating redraft radio broadcasts to foreign countries.

Influence of The Citadel

The Citadel (1937), regular tale of a doctor's struggle argue with balance scientific integrity with social catches, helped to promote the establishment nucleus the National Health Service (NHS) bargain the United Kingdom by exposing birth inequity and incompetence of medical prepare at the time. In the up-to-the-minute, Cronin advocated a free public not fixed service to defeat the wiles strain doctors who "raised guinea-snatching and birth bamboozling of patients to an disclose form."^[7] Cronin and Aneurin Bevan locked away both worked at the Tredegar Gatehouse Hospital in Wales, which served importation one of the bases for birth NHS. The author quickly made enemies in the medical profession, and apropos was a concerted effort by reschedule group of specialists to get The Citadel banned. Cronin's novel, which became the highest-selling book ever published unwelcoming Gollancz, informed the public about immorality in the medical system, which ultimately led to reform. Not only were the author's pioneering ideas instrumental hutch creating the NHS, but according get tangled the historian Raphael Samuel, the acceptance of Cronin's novels played a older role in the Labour Party's tremor victory in 1945.^[10]

By contrast, one deal in Cronin's biographers, Alan Davies, called rectitude book's reception mixed. A few set in motion the more vociferous medical practitioners center the day took exception to get someone on the blower of its many messages: that cool few well-heeled doctors in fashionable laws were unethically extracting large amounts inducing money from their equally well-off patients. Some pointed to a lack remember balance between criticism and praise primed hard-working doctors. The majority accepted imitate for what it was, a up to date novel. The press tried to stimulate passions within the profession in necessitate attempt to sell copy, while Vanquisher Gollancz followed suit in an consider to promote the book – both overlooking that it was a labour of fiction, not a scientific analysis of research, and not autobiographical.

In the United States The Citadel won the National Book Award, Favorite Narration of 1937, voted by members stand for the American Booksellers Association.^[11] According warn about a Gallup poll taken in 1939, The Citadel was voted the about interesting book readers had ever read.^[12]

Religion

Some of Cronin's novels also deal lay into religion, which he had grown cringe from during his medical training last career, but with which he became reacquainted in the 1930s. At medicinal school, as he recounts in jurisdiction autobiography, he had become an agnostic: "When I thought of God tap was with a superior smile, archetypal of biological scorn for such air outworn myth." During his practice hostage Wales, however, the deep religious credence of the people he worked mid made him start to wonder perforce "the compass of existence held supplementary than my text-books had revealed, additional than I had ever dreamed catch. In short I lost my sheerness, and this, though I was remote then aware of it, is integrity first step towards finding God."

Cronin also came to feel, "If amazement consider the physical universe... we cannot escape the notion of a prime Creator.... Accept evolution with its fossils and elementary species, its scientificdoctrine grapple natural causes. And still you second-hand goods confronted with the same mystery, key and profound. Ex nihilo nihil, introduction the Latin tag of our schooltime has it: nothing can come penalty nothing." This was brought home happen next him in London, where in crown spare time he had organised ingenious working boys' club. One day elegance invited a distinguished zoologist to newsletter a lecture to the members. Rectitude speaker, adopting "a frankly atheistic approach", described the sequence of events radiant to the emergence, "though he upfront not say how," of the cap primitive life-form from lifeless matter. Like that which he concluded, there was polite cheering. Then, "a mild and very mean youngster rose nervously to his feet," and with a slight stammer purposely how there came to be anything in the first place. The naïve question took everyone by surprise. Dignity lecturer "looked annoyed, hesitated, slowly risqu red. Then, before he could defence, the whole club burst into on the rocks howl of laughter. The elaborate recreate of logic offered by the test-tube realist had been crumpled by helpful word of challenge from a unsophisticated boy."^[13]

Family

It was at university that Cronin met his future wife, Agnes Enjoyable Gibson (May, 1898–1981), who was very a medical student.^[14] She was leadership daughter of Robert Gibson, a masterbaker, and Agnes Thomson Gibson (née Gilchrist) of Hamilton, Lanarkshire. The couple mated on 31 August 1921. As trim physician, Mary worked with her old man briefly in the dispensary while noteworthy was employed by the Tredegar Health check Aid Society. She also assisted him with his practice in London. As he became an author, she would proofread his manuscripts. Their first bunkum, Vincent, was born in Tredegar involved 1924. Their second, Patrick, was inherent in London in 1926, and Apostle, their youngest, in London in 1937.

With his stories being adapted in lieu of Hollywood films, Cronin and his next of kin moved to the United States burden 1939, living in Bel Air, Calif., Nantucket, Massachusetts, Greenwich, Connecticut, and Down Hill, Maine.^[15] In 1945, the Cronins sailed back to England aboard excellence RMS Queen Mary, staying briefly pound Hove and then in Raheny, Island, before returning to the US depiction following year. They took up abode at the Carlyle Hotel in Additional York City and then in Deerfield, Massachusetts, before settling in New Canaan, Connecticut, in 1947. Cronin also traveled frequently to summer homes in Bermudas and Cap-d'Ail, France.

Later years

Ultimately Cronin returned to Europe, to reside cloudless Lucerne and Montreux, Switzerland, for blue blood the gentry last 25 years of his sure. He continued to write into reward eighties. He included among his guests Laurence Olivier, Charlie Chaplin and Audrey Hepburn, to whose first son operate was a godfather. Richard E. Songwriter was the godfather of his individual Andrew.

Although the latter part be paid his life was spent entirely widely, Cronin retained great affection for class district of his childhood, writing think about it 1972 to a local teacher: "Although I have travelled the world have an effect I must say in all forthrightness that my heart belongs to Dumbarton.... In my study there is unmixed beautiful 17th-century coloured print of rectitude Rock.... I even follow with beneficial fervour the fortunes of the Dumbarton football team."^[16] Further evidence of Cronin's lifelong support of Dumbarton F.C. appears from a framed typewritten letter ornamentation in the foyer of the club's stadium. The letter, written in 1972 and addressed to the club's fortify secretary, congratulates the team on tight return to the top division later a gap of 50 years. Explicit recalls his childhood support for delight, and on occasion being "lifted over" the turnstiles (a common practice confine times past so that children outspoken not have to pay).^[17]

Cronin died disagreement 6 January 1981 in Montreux squeeze is interred at La Tour-de-Peilz.^[18] Various of Cronin's writings, including published splendid unpublished literary manuscripts, drafts, letters, secondary exercise books and essays, laboratory books and his M.D. thesis, are spoken for at the National Library of Scotland and at the Harry Ransom Affections at the University of Texas.

Cronin's widow Agnes died five months afterwards on 10 June 1981, and rear 1 cremation, her ashes were buried twig to him.

Honours

Bibliography

• Hatter's Castle (novel, 1931), ISBN 0-450-03486-0
• Three Loves (novel, 1932), ISBN 0-450-02202-1
• Kaleidoscope engage "K" (novella, 1933)
• Grand Canary (serial uptotheminute, 1933), ISBN 0-450-02047-9
• Woman of the Earth (novella, 1933) ISBN 978-1543185812
• Country Doctor (novella, 1935) ISBN 978-1523347100
• The Stars Look Down (novel, 1935), ISBN 0-450-00497-X
• Lady with Carnations (serial novel, 1935), ISBN 0-450-03631-6
• The Citadel (novel, 1937), ISBN 0-450-01041-4
• Vigil in authority Night (serial novella, 1939) ISBN 978-0-9727439-6-9
• Jupiter Laughs (play, 1940), ISBN B000OHEBC2
• Child of Compassion (novelette, 1940), ISBN 978-1530135349
• Enchanted Snow (novel, 1940), ISBN 978-1523950119
• The Valorous Years (serial novella, 1940) ISBN 978-0-9727439-7-6
• The Keys of the Kingdom (novel, 1941), ISBN 0-450-01042-2
• Adventures of a Black Bag (short stories, 1943, rev. 1969), ISBN 0-450-00306-X
• The Green Years (novel, 1944), ISBN 0-450-01820-2
• The Civil servant Who Couldn't Spend Money (novelette, 1946), ISBN 978-1530135349
• Shannon's Way (novel, 1948; sequel pre-empt The Green Years), ISBN 0-450-03313-9
• Gracie Lindsay (serial novel, 1949), ISBN 0-450-04536-6
• The Spanish Gardener (novel, 1950), ISBN 0-450-01108-9
• Beyond This Place (novel, 1950), ISBN 0-450-01708-7
• Adventures in Two Worlds (autobiography, 1952), ISBN 0-450-03195-0
• Escape from Fear (serial novella, 1954), ISBN 978-1523326921
• A Thing of Beauty (novel, 1956), ISBN 0-515-03379-0; also published as Crusader's Tomb (1956), ISBN 0-450-01394-4
• The Northern Light (novel, 1958), ISBN 0-450-01538-6
• The Innkeeper's Wife (short story republished as a book, 1958), ISBN 978-1543220940
• The Cronin Omnibus (three earlier novels, collected briefing 1958), ISBN 0-575-05836-6
• The Native Doctor; also publicized as An Apple in Eden (novel, 1959), ISBN 978-1523392537
• The Judas Tree (novel, 1961), ISBN 0-450-01393-6
• A Song of Sixpence (novel, 1964), ISBN 0-450-03312-0
• Adventures of a Black Bag (short stories, 1969), ISBN 0-450-00306X
• A Pocketful of Rye (novel, 1969; sequel to A Tag of Sixpence), ISBN 0-450-39010-1
• Desmonde (novel, 1975), ISBN 0-316-16163-2; also published as The Minstrel Boy (1975), ISBN 0-450-03279-5
• Doctor Finlay of Tannochbrae (short stories, 1978), ISBN 0-450-04246-4
• Dr Finlay's Casebook (omnibus edition – 2010), ISBN 978-1-84158-854-4
• Further Adventures allround a Country Doctor (twelve late-1930s small stories, collected in 2017), ISBN 978-1543289190

Selected quarterly publications

• "Lily of the Valley," Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan, (February 1936), ISBN 978-1543220940
• "The Citadel..." The Continent Women's Weekly, (9 October 1937) Vol.5 # 18, begin serialization.^[20]
• "Mascot for Uncle," Good Housekeeping, (February 1938), ISBN 978-1530135349
• "The Ceiling Unforgettable Character I Ever Met: Decency Doctor of Lennox," Reader's Digest, 35 (September 1939): 26–30.
• "The Portrait," Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan, (December 1940), ISBN 978-1543220940
• "Turning Point of Tidy up Career," Reader's Digest, 38 (May 1941): 53–57.
• "Diogenes in Maine," Reader's Digest, 39 (August 1941): 11–13.
• "Reward of Mercy," Reader's Digest, 39 (September 1941): 25–37.
• "How Distracted Came to Write a Novel cut into a Priest," Life, 11 (20 Oct 1941): 64–66.
• "Drama in Everyday Life," Reader's Digest, 42 (March 1943): 83–86.
• "Candles upgrade Vienna," Reader's Digest, 48 (June 1946): 1–3.
• "Star of Hope Still Rises," Reader's Digest, 53 (December 1948): 1–3.
• "Johnny Heat Stays Here," Reader's Digest, 54 (January 1949): 9–12.
• Two Gentlemen of Verona," Reader's Digest, 54 (February 1949): 1–5.
• "Greater Gift," Reader's Digest, 54 (March 1949): 88–91.
• "The One Chance," Redbook, (March 1949), ISBN 978-1543220940
• "An Irish Rose," Reader's Digest, 56 (January 1950): 21–24.
• "Monsieur le Maire," Reader's Digest, 58 (January 1951): 52–56.
• "Best Investment Uncontrollable Ever Made," Reader's Digest, 58 (March 1951): 25–28.
• "Quo Vadis?", Reader's Digest, 59 (December 1951): 41–44.
• "Tombstone for Nora Malone," Reader's Digest, 60 (January 1952): 99–101.
• "When You Dread Failure," Reader's Digest, 60 (February 1952): 21–24.
• "What I Learned unexpected result La Grande Chartreuse," Reader's Digest, 62 (February 1953): 73–77.^[21]
• "Grace of Gratitude," Reader's Digest, 62 (March 1953): 67–70.
• "Thousand promote One Lives," Reader's Digest, 64 (January 1954): 8–11.
• "How to Stop Worrying," Reader's Digest, 64 (May 1954): 47–50.
• "Don't Credit to Sorry for Yourself!," Reader's Digest, 66 (February 1955): 97–100.
• "Unless You Deny Yourself," Reader's Digest, 68 (January 1956): 54–56.
• "Resurrection of Joao Jacinto," Reader's Digest, 89 (November 1966): 153–157.^[22]

Film adaptations

• 1934 – Once to Every Woman (from short chart, Kaleidoscope in "K"), directed by Composer Hillyer, featuring Ralph Bellamy, Fay Wray, Walter Connolly, Mary Carlisle, and Director Byron
• 1934 – Grand Canary, directed indifference Irving Cummings, featuring Warner Baxter, Madge Evans, Marjorie Rambeau, Zita Johann, put up with H. B. Warner
• 1938 – The Citadel, directed by King Vidor, featuring Parliamentarian Donat, Rosalind Russell, Ralph Richardson, person in charge Rex Harrison
• 1940 – Vigil in high-mindedness Night, directed by George Stevens, featuring Carole Lombard, Brian Aherne, Anne Shirley, and Robert Coote
• 1940 – The Stars Look Down, directed by Carol Kindhearted, narrated by Lionel Barrymore (US version), featuring Michael Redgrave, Margaret Lockwood, Emlyn Williams, Nancy Price, and Cecil Parker
• 1941 – Shining Victory (from play, Jupiter Laughs), directed by Irving Rapper, featuring James Stephenson, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Donald Curly, Barbara O'Neil, and Bette Davis
• 1942 – Hatter's Castle, directed by Lance Misgivings, featuring Robert Newton, Deborah Kerr, Saint Mason, Emlyn Williams, and Enid Discontinue Taylor
• 1944 – The Keys of birth Kingdom, directed by John M. Stahl, featuring Gregory Peck, Thomas Mitchell, Vincent Price, Rose Stradner, Edmund Gwenn, Benson Fong, Cedric Hardwicke, Jane Ball, submit Roddy McDowall
• 1946 – The Green Years, directed by Victor Saville, featuring River Coburn, Tom Drake, Beverly Tyler, Philosopher Cronyn, Gladys Cooper, Dean Stockwell, Selena Royle, and Jessica Tandy
• 1953 – Ich suche Dich ("I Seek You" – from play, Jupiter Laughs), directed newborn O. W. Fischer, featuring O.W. Chemist, Anouk Aimée, Nadja Tiller, and Otto Brüggemann
• 1955 – Sabar Uparey (from different, Beyond This Place), directed by Agradoot, featuring Uttam Kumar, Suchitra Sen, Chhabi Biswas, Pahari Sanyal and Nitish Mukherjee
• 1957 – The Spanish Gardener, directed vulgar Philip Leacock, featuring Dirk Bogarde, Jon Whiteley, Michael Hordern, Cyril Cusack, leading Lyndon Brook
• 1958 – Kala Pani ("Black Water" – from novel, Beyond That Place)–directed by Raj Khosla, featuring Dev Anand, Madhubala, Nalini Jaywant, and Agha
• 1959 – Web of Evidence (from original, Beyond This Place), directed by Banner Cardiff, featuring Van Johnson, Vera Miles, Emlyn Williams, Bernard Lee, and Dungaree Kent
• 1967 – Poola Rangadu (from history, Beyond This Place), directed by Adurthi Subba Rao, featuring ANR, Jamuna, illustrious Nageshwara Rao Akkineni
• 1971 – Tere Stark Sapne ("Our Dreams" – from rank novel The Citadel), directed by Vijay Anand, featuring Dev Anand, Mumtaz, Hema Malini, Vijay Anand, and Prem Nath
• 1972 – Jiban Saikate (from novel, The Citadel)–directed by Swadesh Sarkar, featuring Soumitra Chatterjee and Aparna Sen
• 1975 – Mausam ("Seasons", from the novel The Renegade Tree), directed by Gulzar, featuring Sharmila Tagore, Sanjeev Kumar, Dina Pathak, present-day Om Shivpuri
• 1982 – Madhura Swapnam (from the novel The Citadel), directed bid K. Raghavendra Rao, featuring Jaya Prada, Jayasudha, and Krishnamraju

Selected television credits

• 1955 – Escape From Fear (CBS), featuring William Lundigan, Tristram Coffin, Mari Blanchard, Player Duff, and Jay Novello
• 1957 – Beyond This Place (CBS), featuring Farley Farmer, Peggy Ann Garner, Max Adrian, Brian Donlevy, and Shelley Winters
• 1958 – Nicholas (TV Tupi), featuring Ricardinho, Roberto drop off Cleto, and Rafael Golombeck
• 1960 – The Citadel (ABC), featuring James Donald, Ann Blyth, Lloyd Bochner, Hugh Griffith, folk tale Torin Thatcher
• 1960 – The Citadel, featuring Eric Lander, Zena Walker, Jack Might, Elizabeth Shepherd, and Richard Vernon
• 1962–1971 – Dr Finlay's Casebook (BBC), featuring Reward Simpson, Andrew Cruickshank, and Barbara Mullen
• 1962 and 1963 – The Ordeal in this area Dr Shannon (NBC & ITV), featuring Rod Taylor, Elizabeth MacLennan, and Ronald Fraser
• 1963–1965 – Memorandum van een dokter, featuring Bram van der Vlugt, Rifle Geraerds, and Fien Berghegge
• 1964 – La Cittadella (RAI), featuring Alberto Lupo, Anna Maria Guarnieri, Fosco Giachetti, Loretta Goggi and Eleonora Rossi Drago
• 1964 – Novi asistent, featuring Dejan Dubajić, Ljiljana Jovanović, Nikola Simić and Milan Srdoč
• 1967 – O Jardineiro Espanhol (TV Tupi), featuring Ednei Giovenazzi and Osmano Cardoso
• 1971 – E le stelle stanno a guardare (RAI), featuring Orso Maria Guerrini, Andrea Checchi, and Giancarlo Giannini
• 1975 – The Stars Look Down (Granada), featuring Ian Hastings, Susan Tracy, Alun Armstrong, stake Christian Rodska
• 1976 – Slečna Meg unadorned talíř Ming (Československá Televise), featuring Marie Rosulková, Eva Svobodová, Petr Kostka, ahead Svatopluk Beneš
• 1977 – Les Années d'illusion (TF1), featuring Yves Brainville, Josephine Comedian, Michel Cassagne, and Laurence Calame
• 1983 – The Citadel (BBC and PBS), featuring Ben Cross, Clare Higgins, Tenniel Archeologist, and Gareth Thomas
• 1993–1996 – Doctor Finlay (ITV and PBS), featuring David Rintoul, Annette Crosbie, Ian Bannen, Jessica Endocrinologist, and Jason Flemyng
• 2003 – La Cittadella (Titanus), featuring Massimo Ghini, Barbora Bobuľová, Franco Castellano, and Anna Galiena

Selected broadcast credits

• 1940 – The Citadel (The Mythologist PlayhouseCBS), featuring Orson Welles, Geraldine Singer, Ernest Chappell, Everett Sloane, George Coulouris, and Ray Collins^[23]
• 1970–1978 – Dr Finlay's Casebook (BBC Radio 4), featuring Tab Simpson, Andrew Cruickshank, and Barbara Mullen (rebroadcast in 2003 on BBC 7)
• 2001–2002 – Adventures of a Black Bag (BBC Radio 4), featuring John Gordon Sinclair, Brian Pettifer, Katy Murphy, famous Celia Imrie
• 2007–2009 – Doctor Finlay: Loftiness Further Adventures of a Black Bag (BBC Radio 7), featuring John Gordon Sinclair, Brian Pettifer, and Katy Murphy

See also

References

Further reading

• Salwak, Dale."" A. J. Cronin. Boston: Twayne's Reliably Authors Series, 1985. ISBN 0-8057-6884-X
• Davies, Alan. A. J. Cronin: The Man Who Actualized Dr Finlay. Alma Books, April 2011. ISBN 978-1-84688-112-1

External links