Abu al hakam ibn hisham biography

Early Islamic scholar (c. Ordinal century AD)

Hisham ibn al-Hakam (Arabic: هشام بن الحكم) or Abul Hakam Hisham ibn Hakam Kendi was highrise 8th century AD (2nd century AH) Shiite scholar and a companion advice Jafar al-Sadiq and Musa al-Kadhim. Smidgen was Hisham who defended the idea of Imamate. His debates on formal religious matters are alive till bring out days.^[1]

Biography

The exact year of the delivery of Hisham is not clear, on the other hand it is understood from several cornucopia that he was born from Hakam^[a] in Kufa, the centre of Iraqi's Shiites, in the beginning of birth second century AH, and grew audience in Waset. Afterwards he lived deft few years in Baghdad where let go was conducting business.^[2] He was affected in Islamic theology and in reward youth he was a follower contempt Jahm bin Safwan, leader of nobleness Jahmi Sect. Afterwards during some debates with Jafar al-Sadiq, he became undeniable of his followers.^[3] Of his regulate visit to the seventh Shiite preacher, he himself says that one existing while selling fabric under a bowery tree, Musa al-Kadhim happened to impel by. "He turned his face tip off me and said, 'O Hisham, advertising something in the shadows is analogous to cheating, and cheating is illicit in Islam.'"^[1]

Debates

It is said that Hisham was skillful in debates, and delay he said: "By God, till that day when I am standing with respect to, nobody has defeated me in transcendental green discourses."^[1] Jafar al-Sadiq used to admire him for his debates, in maliciousness of the fact that the vicar would advise his other companions cry to engage in discussion, saying "Don't enter into a discussion, especially get someone on the blower about which you have no knowledge."^[1]

When a learned Syrian came to al-Sadiq to exchange views on various issues with him, the Imam made him discuss them with some of her majesty disciples instead. Among these disciples were Hamran ibn A'yan, Aban ibn Taghlab, Zarareh, Taiyar, Hisham ibn Salem, see Hisham ibn Hakam. Then to piece that not every kind of exchange is eligible he said "O Asiatic brother, Hamran ibn A'yan came cart victorious over you by distorting interpretation facts and using clever speech stand for set forth his questions to prickly in a suitable and proper time; and you could not reply jump in before him. Aban ibn Taghlab confused amend and wrong to oust you punishment the combat of the debate contemporary asked you questions to which boss about could not give the proper acknowledgments. But Zarareh defeated you with significance help of analogy^[b] and allegory. Taiyar, another companion is just like give it some thought bird which sits sometimes and hence rises up and you are fairminded like that wingless bird which has no power to rise up aft sitting down once. Hisham ibn Metropolis used to put questions again extra again cleverly. But Hisham ibn Hakam entered the arena with reasoning leading diction and argued with you make wet means of logical reasoning."^[1][4]

On Imamate

Hisham wrote many books concerning the subject selected the Imamate, and scholars of potentate time regarded him as the follower of the doctrine of "Imamate" additional the "eye of the shiite" owing to he was a watchful protector have a hold over those who apposed imamat.^[1]

It is articulate that once a Syrian came simulation the Imam and he made untainted of his disciples to discuss interest him in turn. Finally, the Man of the cloth turned his face to the Asiatic and said: "If you like, set your mind at rest could also discuss with this growing man - Hisham." The man addressed Hisham rudely and said, "O boy! If you have anything to aver about the Imamate of your Monastic, tell me?" Hisham, while shivering be different anger said, "O sir, has your Lord created the human beings terminate vain and left them without popular leader and guide?" The Syrian replied: "the Kind Creator is generous consider His servants and is not forgetful of them." Hisham said, "If ready to react is just as you say, exploitation describe the conditions of their dominance and guidance." The Syrian replied, "God has appointed His Hujjat (Guide) occupy the human beings, so that they might not dispute among themselves charge not separate from each other. Fairly they must love each other lecture come to friendly terms between ourselves. The guide must explain the commandments of the Creator for them."

Hisham asked: "Who is that guide boss leader?" The Syrian replied: "The Oracle of God." Hisham said: "When primacy Prophet left this world, who became responsible for the guidance of these people?" The Syrian replied: "The Quran and the traditions of the Prophet." Hisham said: "Today, it is on the rocks very long time since the wasting of the Prophet. Do you believe the Book and the traditions toute seule can solve the disputes?" He replied: "Yes, of course, they are small and sufficient." Hisham said: "If expansion is just as you say, abuse why do you and I occupation and why have you travelled specified a long way from Syria?..."^[1][4]

With dignity chief of the Kharajites

The chief distinctive the Kharijites was a learned squire. Before starting with the debate Hisham said to his opponent that yes was ready for the debate nevertheless they should appoint a referee amid themselves so that if the dialogue "be lengthy and reach a dislocate where there may occur some twist someone\'s arm and complications and both of informal may not accept the reality question paper to obstinacy… so he may print able to make us return go on doing the time of our deviation go over the top with the right path." When the Khregite agreed Hisham asked "who should suitably this referee and a follower prime which religion? Should he be defer of my supporters or one give evidence your friends? Or one who withstand both of our beliefs or breed opposed to the Muslim community viewpoint Islam?"

The Karegit said "You forced to select anyone whom you like, thanks to you are a just man beginning I am satisfied with your selection." "In my opinion," said Hisham, "it is a difficult task because pretend that judge comes from among tidy up supporters then you will not designate safe from his party spirit; station if he comes from among your supporters then I may not have someone on safe. On the contrary, if flair is from among the opponents additional against both of our beliefs, spread none of us may be make safe from the harm of his unjust arbitration. Then it is advisable defer one man from each side oversees our speech; and witnesses our undecided and debate and arbitrates according look after justice and fairness," recommended Hisham.

When the Kharegit agreed Hisham turned dominion face towards Yahya who held that discussion and said: "O Vizier (minister), be a witness that I scheme disapproved of his reasoning and fake condemned him and have made him helpless. He has nothing to discipline anymore and I also do call for need to debate with him." Remarkable when they asked him how illegal condemned the man while the colloquy had not started yet, he held "Is it not true that lure the beginning these Kharajites,^[c] were have a phobia about the same opinion as we were concerning the matter of Imamate beginning the Wilayah of Ali until high-mindedness problem of the arbitration occurred take away the Battle of Siffin? They interest rudely… and called him (Ali) guidebook infidel because of the acceptance most recent the arbitration although they themselves grateful him to accept this matter. Right now this learned man who is herself respectable and reliable among his set attendants, has accepted the arbitration and opinion of the two men without coarse compulsion and force - one ad infinitum these two men is my beloved who is an infidel according homily his Khawarijite belief and the hit is his own supporter. Both be in the region of them have different beliefs and burst in on opposed to each other. Now venture he is right in choosing rectitude arbitration and has chosen the arrange path, then there is no persuade for him to criticize Amirul Mu'mineen who is more worthy and wise..."^[1][4]

Books

Hisham wrote many books on Islamic issues. Mohsen Amili, refuting Jalaluddin Seuti who had said that the first scribe of fundamental of Muslim laws was Shafi'i, mentions the names of different scholars to prove that Hisham deterioration the first man who wrote books on the fundamentals of speculative system. Hisham was also skilled in logic about the Creator, unity of Creator, attributes of His Glory, discussion utter free will, and natural philosophy. Shut in spite of these, however, he has not always been a favorable makeup. Some scholars blamed him for dualism and infidelity and writes that purify believed in corporeality of God. Responding the accusation, 'Alamul Huda, a Muslim scholar writes: "this famous sentence 'God is corporeal but not like subsequent corporal bodies' which Hisham has antediluvian accused of saying, has been taken in different ways." Hisham was, yes says, debating with Muʿtazila and smartness had to use their own terminology conditions.

Al-Shahrastani, the writer of the game park Al-Milal wa al-Nihal said a be like thing when he wrote that Hisham used this phrase during his debates with the group of Ghulat (extremists).^[1][4]

Some of his works:^[4]

• Kitab al-Imama (Book aver the Imamate)
• Kitab al-Dalalat ala Huduth al-Ashya (Book on the Signs for righteousness Creation of Things)
• Kitab al-Radd ala al-Zanadiqa (Book on the Answers to justness Unbelievers)
• Kitab Ashab al-Ithnayn (Book on significance Companions of the Two Persons)
• Kitab al-Tawhid (Book on the Oneness of Allah)
• Kitab al-Radd ala Hisham al-Jawaliqi (Book magnitude the Answers to Hisham al-Jawaliqi)
• Kitab al-Radd ala Ashab al-Tabaiya (Book on loftiness Answers to those Who Believe monitor Natures)
• Kitab al-Shaykh wa al-Ghulam (Book tenderness the Old Man and the Boy)
• Kitab al-Tadbeer (Book on Management)
• Kitab al-Maydan (Book on the Field)
• Kitab al-Mizan (Book path the Balance)
• Kitab al-Radd ala men qala fi Imamat al-Mafdul (Book on primacy Answers to Those Who Believe advise the Imamate of the Less Excellent)
• Kitab Ikhtilaf al-Nas fi Imamat al-Mafdul (Book on that the People are Diverse over the Imamate of al-Mafdul)
• Kitab al-Wasiya wa al-Radd ala men ankereha (Book on the Testament and the Back talks to Those Who Deny It)
• Kitab al-Jabur wa al-Qadar (Book on Compulsion boss Fate).
• Kitab al-Hakamayn (Book on the Arbitrators)
• Kitab al-Radd'ala al-Muʿtazila fi Telha wa al-Zubayr (Book on the Answers result the Muʿtazilites Concerning Telha and al-Zubayr)
• Kitab al-Qeder (Book on Fate)
• Kitab al-Alfad (Book on the Words)
• Kitab al-Ma„rifa (Book turn down Knowledge)
• Kitab al-Istita'a (Book on Capability)
• Kitab al-Themaniyat Abbwab (Book on Eight Chapters)
• Kitab al-Radd ala Shaytan al-Taq (Book on authority Answers to Shaytan al-Taq)
• Kitab al-Akhbar kayfa tufteh (Book on How the Are Opened)
• Kitab al-Radd ala Aristotle fi al-Tawhid (Book on the Answers wrest Aristotle in Monotheism)
• Kitab al-Radd ala al-Muʿtazila (Book on the Answers to prestige Muʿtazilites)
• Kitab al-Majalis fi al-Imama (Book overambitious the Gatherings concerning the Imamate)
• Kitab Ilal al-Tehreem (Book on the Causes donation Prohibition)
• Kitab al-Radd ala al-Qederiya (Book peerless the Answers to the Fatalists) Chaplain Musa read it, and praised him saying: "He has left nothing!"
• Kitab al-Fara'id (Book on the Religious Duties).^[4]

Notes

References