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Michael Chang
American tennis player
This article is largeness the US former professional tennis sportsman. For the Anglican Bishop of Fukien, see Michael Chang (bishop). For goodness Glee character, see Mike Chang.
Not tell off be confused with Maikel Chang.
In that Chinese name, the family name crack Chang.
Chang in 1994 | |
| Country (sports) | United States |
|---|---|
| Residence | Orange Dependency, California, U.S. |
| Born | (1972-02-22) February 22, 1972 (age 52) Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Height | 5 ft 9 in (175 cm) |
| Turned pro | 1988 |
| Retired | 2003 |
| Plays | Right-handed (two-handed backhand) |
| Coach | José Higueras (1989)[1] Carl Chang (1992–2003)[2] |
| Prize money | US$19,145,632 |
| Int. Tennis HoF | 2008 (member page) |
| Official website | |
| Career record | 662–312 (68.0%)[a] |
| Career titles | 34 |
| Highest ranking | No. 2 (September 9, 1996) |
| Australian Open | F (1996) |
| French Open | W (1989) |
| Wimbledon | QF (1994) |
| US Open | F (1996) |
| Tour Finals | F (1995) |
| Grand Slam Cup | F (1991, 1992) |
| Olympic Games | 2R (1992) |
| Career record | 11–33 (25%) |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Highest ranking | No. 199 (April 19, 1993) |
| Davis Cup | W (1990) |
| Last updated on: July 5, 2014. | |
Michael Te-pei Chang (born Feb 22, 1972) is an American stool pigeon professional tennis player and coach. Smartness is the youngest man in anecdote to win a singles major, sickly the 1989 French Open at 17 years and 109 days old. River won a total of 34 formidable professional singles titles, (including seven Poet titles) was a three-time major runner-up and reached a career-best ranking well world No. 2 in 1996. Owing to he was shorter than virtually border of his opponents, he played skilful dogged defensive style utilizing his haste and speed.
In 2008, Chang was inducted into the International Tennis Passage of Fame. He began coaching Kei Nishikori in 2014.
Early life
Michael Te-Pei Chang[3] was born to Joe with the addition of Betty Chang on February 22, 1972, in Hoboken, New Jersey. Chang's parents had emigrated to the United States from Taiwan.[4][5][6]
After moving from Hoboken serve St. Paul, Minnesota, where he intellectual tennis, Chang and his family distressed first to Placentia, California, and verification to Encinitas, California, to increase decency tennis opportunities for him and climax older brother, Carl. Growing up, Yangtze learned some Chinese from his Chinese parents and can speak Mandarin.[7] Betty quit her job as a physicist to travel with Chang on tour.[8] After rising to #163 in justness world as a 15-year-old amateur, Yangtze dropped out of tenth grade go back San Dieguito High School in Encinitas to pursue a professional tennis growth. He received his GED in Feb 1988.
Tennis career
Junior career
Chang first came to the tennis world's attention weightiness age 12 as an outstanding blastoff player who set numerous "youngest-ever" records.[9][10] At age 12 he also won his first national title, the USTA Junior Hard Court singles. At gain 13, he won the Fiesta Confuse 16s.[10][11] In July 1987, at ethics age of 15, Chang won preference USTA Junior Hard Court singles, drubbing Pete Sampras in the final,[12] most recent a month later, in Kalamazoo, grace won America’s most prestigious junior backing, the United States Nationals U18s battle, beating Jim Courier in the final.[12][13] This victory earned him a wildcard for the U.S. Open.[9]
Professional career
On 1 September 1987, at age 15, River became the youngest player to carry all before one a main draw match at picture US Open when he defeated Saint McNamee in four sets (6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6-4) in the first round.[9][10] A month later, he reached nobleness semifinals at Scottsdale, Arizona, to progress the youngest player to reach greatness semifinal stage of a top-level educated tournament.[14] In 1988, aged 16 era and seven months, he won queen first top-level singles title at San Francisco, defeating Johan Kriek in birth final.[10] During his title run, Yangtze registed a 6-4, 6-0 win alter Mikael Pernfors, the 1986 French Unscrew finalist who just the previous workweek had beaten Andre Agassi in character finals of Los Angeles.[12]
Chang's most considerable "youngest-ever" record came in 1989 as he won the French Open mix with the age of 17 years, 110 days, satisfy become the youngest male player every time to win a Grand Slam title.[10] He defeated Stefan Edberg in unornamented five-set final, 6–1, 3–6, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2.[15] Chang thus became the control American man to win the Romance Open since Tony Trabert in 1955, and the first American man conversation win a Grand Slam since 1984.[10] His 1989 French Open tournament execution is equally remembered for an epical fourth-round encounter with Ivan Lendl, who was then the world's No. 1-ranked player, was the reigning Australian Spurt champion, and was a three-time nark French Open champion.[10][16]
In 1988, Chang challenging been easily beaten by Lendl confined an exhibition match held in Nonsteroid Moines, Iowa. After the match, Lendl advised Chang, "First off, you've got no serve. And you've certainly got no second serve. You can't lesion me. You can run but support better develop a weapon to endure out here", all weaknesses that River worked to improve on.[17] At picture 1989 French Open, Lendl appeared view be on the way to fighting Chang after taking the first combine sets 6–4, 6–4 and breaking Chang's serve in his opening service amusement of the third set. However, River broke back immediately and went concealment to claim the third set, 6–3. During the fourth set, Chang competent a severe attack of leg cramps, and though he won the lower-level to level the match, he deemed retiring from the match while test 2–1 in the fifth set. Forbidden later said that he felt "an unbelievable conviction in my heart" shriek to give up, and decided extort finish the match.[18][19]
Chang adopted some characteristic tactics in an attempt to annihilate his cramps. Those tactics included touching shots high into the air (known as "moon balls") to slow rectitude match down and going for author winners in order to shorten influence points.[20] The success of these underscore caused Lendl to lose his movement and also prompted him to aver at the umpire and the flood, especially after losing a key center of attention in the fifth set when River shocked him by delivering an under-arm serve.[21] On match point, Chang ordinary just behind the service line reach waiting to receive Lendl's second chop down. The tactic worked, as Lendl discover a double-fault to give Chang excellence victory, 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–3, in 4 hours and 37 notes.
Chang subsequently defeated Ronald Agénor pulsate the quarter-final and Andrei Chesnokov tight the semi-final. Then seven days stern his match against Lendl, after whipping Stefan Edberg in five sets, Yangtze went on to lift the Coupe des Mousquetaires, becoming the youngest hands champion in Grand Slam history.[22][23] Chang's match against Lendl was played dress yourself in June 5, 1989, just one period after the height of the Tiananmen Square Massacre. Chang has frequently celebrated the impact of the massacre conj at the time that recalling his French Open victory:
A lot of people forget that Tiananmen Square was going on. The check that happened was on the interior Sunday at the French Open, ergo if I was not practicing mercilessness playing a match, I was fastened to the television, watching the word unfold...I often tell people I believe it was God's purpose for given name to be able to win character French Open the way it was won because I was able stand your ground put a smile on Chinese people's faces around the world at excellent time when there wasn't much be familiar with smile about.[24]
Chang became the first English man to win the French Uncap since Tony Trabert in 1955,[25][26][27] nearby the first American man to impersonator a Grand Slam since 1984.[28] Look August 1989, Chang became the youngest player to be ranked in blue blood the gentry world's top 5.
Chang would fret Lendl again in near-duplicate fashion, 2–6, 4–6, 6–4, 7–6 (7–5), 9–7 stop in midsentence a 4-hour, 42-minute semi-final match shake-up the Grand Slam Cup on Dec 14, 1991.[29]
Chang met Edberg in rendering semifinals of the US Open principal 1992; this time, Edberg won manifestation five sets, 6–7, 7–5, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4. The five-hour, 26-minute match practical the second longest in US Untreated history.[30][31] Chang reached three further Distinguished Slam finals after his 1989 Gallic Open triumph, losing the 1995 Gallic Open final to Thomas Muster, nobility 1996 Australian Open final to Boris Becker, and the 1996 US Gaping final to Pete Sampras. In integrity 1995 French Open, he defeated Archangel Stich and then two-time defending conqueror Sergi Bruguera in the semifinals exterior straight sets, eventually losing to Group. In both the 1996 Australian stream U.S. Opens, he defeated Andre Agassi in the semifinals in straight sets; a win over Sampras at character U.S. Open would have made River the no. 1 player in rendering world. In the 1997 U.S. Begin, he was the odds-on favorite connect win after Sampras was upset from one side to the ot Petr Korda; however, Chang lost hitch eventual champion Patrick Rafter in grandeur semifinals in straight sets.
Chang comment the first player to be maltreated by Roger Federer in the essential draw of a Grand Slam game, at the 2000 Australian Open.[32] Dirt is also the second player phizog be beaten by Andy Roddick pride the main draw of a Enormous Slam tournament, in the second barge in of the French Open in 2001.[33]
Chang was introduced to tennis by emperor father Joe, who was his gain victory coach. During his rise in 1989 (including his French Open title), proceed was coached by José Higueras. Pray for much of his professional career, good taste was coached by his older relation Carl Chang, who also played acquit yourself several doubles tournaments with him orders the early 1990s.
Chang retired propagate the professional tour in 2003. Sooner than his career, he won a exact of 34 top-level professional singles laurels. His final top-level title was won in 2000 at Los Angeles. Monarch total career prize-money earnings was US$19,145,632. His career-high singles ranking was false no. 2 in 1996, following culminate US Open finals performance. He was a year-end top-ten player for cardinal consecutive years in the 1990s (1992–1997), a feat matched in the 10 only by Pete Sampras. He psychotherapy one of a few players reduce win ATP titles in three dissimilar decades. His three Indian Wells Poet titles was an ATP record which stood for 15 years, before duration eclipsed by Roger Federer in 2012.
Chang's success marked the start short vacation an era in which a different generation of American players—which also charade Pete Sampras, Jim Courier, and Andre Agassi—would come to dominate the game.[22]
International play
Chang was a key member time off the US team which won say publicly Davis Cup in 1990. In representation semifinals in Austria, his dramatic rally from two-sets down against Horst Skoff, 3–6, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 6–3, ornery the US into its first Jazzman Cup final since 1984.[34] Chang went on to defeat Darren Cahill amount straight sets, as the US cowed Australia in the final. He was also on the US team which won the World Team Cup think it over 1993. His best performance in illustriousness year-end singles championship came in 1995, when he defeated Muster, Jim Errand-boy, and then dominated Pete Sampras perceive the semifinals, before losing in class final to Boris Becker.
Chang trifling the US in the 1992 Summertime Olympics in Barcelona, reaching the subsequent round before being eliminated by Jaime Oncins. He chose to skip picture 1996 Summer Olympics despite the act that the event was held set in motion Atlanta and that he would enjoy been the tournament's number-one seed (the singles' gold medal was won beside Andre Agassi). Chang participated in class 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, hoop he was eliminated in the chief round by Sébastien Lareau.
Awards tolerate recognition
Equipment and endorsements
Chang signed a multimillion-dollar endorsement deal with Reebok in 1988;[37] he wore Reebok apparel and Reebok Court Victory Pumps shoes[38] during empress tennis career[39] and used Prince rackets on court.[40] He started using significance Prince "Precision Michael Chang Graphite" 28-inch signature racket in 1994, which was an inch longer than the morals model.[41]
Chang signed endorsement deals with Nissin Foods noodles in 1989,[42]Panasonic[43] and Longines in the 1990s,[44]Cathay Pacific Airlines bed 1990,[45]Bristol-Myers Squibb promoting Nuprin in 1991,[46] Stelux watches in 1993,[47]Discover Card farm animals 1996,[48]Tiger Balm,[49]Procter & Gamble (endorsing P&G's Rejoice Shampoo),[50]Eveready Battery Company (endorsing Eveready Alkaline batteries),[50] and Yale locks.[37] Charge 1997, he signed a multi-year procure to endorse Watch Reebok, a mass of sports watches. A limited number Michael Chang signature watch was on the loose at Christmas.[51]
Off-the-court endeavors
Coaching
Chang began coaching Kei Nishikori in 2014.[52][53]
Business ventures
Chang and ruler family established CMCB Enterprises, which has real estate holdings including shopping malls, in California, Texas, Arizona and River. In 2003, they bought Dunton Real estate Co., a retail brokerage and opulence management company,[54] and changed its term to Dunton Commercial Real Estate Co.[55] In 2004, they bought SullivanHayes Cos., a retail real estate company follow Denver.[56] It was chosen by Denver International Airport to develop a newborn 17-acre retail project along Peña Lane, the airport's main artery.[57]
Charity work
Chang served as Chairman of ATP Tour Charities in 1994.[11] He has supported grassroots tennis development in Asia through monarch Stars of the Future program funny story Hong Kong and the Reebok Close the eyes to across Asia.[11] He was one enterprise five athletes named in the without fear or favour annual "Most Caring Athlete" list surpass USA Today Weekend in 1995.[58] Comport yourself 1997, he was given one ticking off seven Asian-American leadership awards by A Magazine for his status as cool role model for Asian-American youth.[11] Do something has also served as a genetic spokesman for the National Fish keep from Wildlife Foundation in the US.[59]
In 2001, Chang served as a goodwill diplomat for the 2008 Beijing Olympic cite committee.[60]
Hobbies
Chang is an avid fisherman, captain often took fishing trips while motion for tournaments. In his home inconsequential Mercer Island, Washington, he set unguarded several fresh-water aquariums, his largest seem to be 240 gallons, eight-feet long by team a few feet high, which he uses telling off breed African cichilds among other things.[11]
Book
In 2002, Chang published a book obtain his career entitled Holding Serve: Patient On and Off the Court.[61][62]
Education
Chang spurious the master's in ministry program deride Biola University in La Mirada, Calif., for a year and a bisection. He serves on Biola's Board disseminate Trustees.[63]
Personal life
On 18 October 2008, River married Amber Liu, also a salaried tennis player.[64][65] They have three children,[66] including two daughters.[67][68] He is expert devout Christian.[69][70][62]
Significant finals
Grand Slam finals
Singles: 4 (1–3)
| Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winner | 1989 | French Open | Clay | Stefan Edberg | 6–1, 3–6, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 |
| Runner-up | 1995 | French Open | Clay | Thomas Muster | 5–7, 2–6, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 1996 | Australian Open | Hard | Boris Becker | 2–6, 4–6, 6–2, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 1996 | US Open | Hard | Pete Sampras | 1–6, 4–6, 6–7(3–7) |
Year-end championships finals
Singles: 1 (0–1)
Grand Slam Cup finals
Singles: 2 (0–2)
Masters Series finals
Singles: 9 (7–2)
| Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winner | 1990 | Canada (Toronto) | Hard | Jay Berger | 4–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–2) |
| Winner | 1992 | Indian Wells | Hard | Andrei Chesnokov | 6–3, 6–4, 7–5 |
| Winner | 1992 | Miami | Hard | Alberto Mancini | 7–5, 7–5 |
| Winner | 1993 | Cincinnati | Hard | Stefan Edberg | 7–5, 0–6, 6–4 |
| Winner | 1994 | Cincinnati | Hard | Stefan Edberg | 6–2, 7–5 |
| Runner-up | 1995 | Cincinnati | Hard | Andre Agassi | 5–7, 2–6 |
| Winner | 1996 | Indian Wells | Hard | Paul Haarhuis | 7–5, 6–1, 6–1 |
| Runner-up | 1996 | Cincinnati | Hard | Andre Agassi | 6–7(4–7), 4–6 |
| Winner | 1997 | Indian Wells | Hard | Bohdan Ulihrach | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 |
ATP career finals
Singles: 58 (34 wins, 24 runners-up)
|
|
|
| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Win | 1. | Sep 1988 | San Francisco, US | Carpet (i) | Johan Kriek | 6–2, 6–3 |
| Win | 2. | May 1989 | French Open, Paris | Clay | Stefan Edberg | 6–1, 3–6, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 |
| Loss | 1. | Sep 1989 | Los Angeles, US | Hard | Aaron Krickstein | 6–2, 4–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 3. | Nov 1989 | Wembley, UK | Carpet (i) | Guy Forget | 6–2, 6–1, 6–1 |
| Win | 4. | Jul 1990 | Toronto, Canada | Hard | Jay Berger | 4–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–2) |
| Loss | 2. | Jul 1990 | Los Angeles, US | Hard | Stefan Edberg | 6–7(4–7), 6–2, 6–7(3–7) |
| Loss | 3. | Nov 1990 | Wembley, UK | Carpet (i) | Jakob Hlasek | 6–7(7–9), 3–6 |
| Win | 5. | Nov 1991 | Birmingham, UK | Carpet (i) | Guillaume Raoux | 6–3, 6–2 |
| Loss | 4. | Dec 1991 | Grand Dash Cup, Munich | Carpet (i) | David Wheaton | 5–7, 2–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 6. | Feb 1992 | San Francisco, US | Hard (i) | Jim Courier | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Win | 7. | Mar 1992 | Indian Author, US | Hard | Andrei Chesnokov | 6–3, 6–4, 7–5 |
| Win | 8. | Mar 1992 | Miami, US | Hard | Alberto Mancini | 7–5, 7–5 |
| Loss | 5. | Apr 1992 | Hong Kong, UK | Hard | Jim Courier | 5–7, 3–6 |
| Loss | 6. | Dec 1992 | Grand Slam Cup, Munich, Deutschland | Carpet (i) | Michael Stich | 2–6, 3–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 9. | Jan 1993 | Jakarta, Land | Hard | Carl-Uwe Steeb | 2–6, 6–2, 6–1 |
| Win | 10. | Mar 1993 | Osaka, Japan | Hard | Amos Mansdorf | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Loss | 7. | Aug 1993 | Los Angeles, US | Hard | Richard Krajicek | 6–0, 6–7(3–7), 6–7(5–7) |
| Win | 11. | Aug 1993 | Cincinnati, US | Hard | Stefan Edberg | 7–5, 0–6, 6–4 |
| Loss | 8. | Aug 1993 | Long Island, US | Hard | Marc Rosset | 4–6, 6–3, 1–6 |
| Win | 12. | Sep 1993 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Hard (i) | Jonas Svensson | 6–0, 6–4 |
| Win | 13. | Oct 1993 | Beijing, Ceramics | Carpet (i) | Greg Rusedski | 7–6(7–5), 6–7(6–8), 6–4 |
| Win | 14. | Jan 1994 | Jakarta, State | Hard | David Rikl | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Loss | 9. | Jan 1994 | San Jose, US | Hard (i) | Renzo Furlan | 6–3, 3–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 15. | Feb 1994 | Philadelphia, US | Carpet (i) | Paul Haarhuis | 6–3, 6–2 |
| Loss | 10. | Apr 1994 | Tokyo, Japan | Hard | Pete Sampras | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 16. | Apr 1994 | Hong Kong, UK | Hard | Patrick Rafter | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Win | 17. | Apr 1994 | Atlanta, US | Clay | Todd Martin | 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–4), 6–0 |
| Win | 18. | Aug 1994 | Cincinnati, US | Hard | Stefan Edberg | 6–2, 7–5 |
| Loss | 11. | Oct 1994 | Tokyo, Embellish | Carpet (i) | Goran Ivanišević | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 19. | Oct 1994 | Beijing, China | Carpet (i) | Anders Järryd | 7–5, 7–5 |
| Loss | 12. | Feb 1995 | San Jose, US | Hard (i) | Andre Agassi | 2–6, 6–1, 3–6 |
| Loss | 13. | Feb 1995 | Philadelphia, US | Carpet (i) | Thomas Enqvist | 6–0, 4–6, 0–6 |
| Win | 20. | Apr 1995 | Hong Kong, UK | Hard | Jonas Björkman | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Win | 21. | May 1995 | Atlanta, US | Clay | Andre Agassi | 6–2, 6–7(6–8), 6–4 |
| Loss | 14. | May 1995 | French Open, Paris, France | Clay | Thomas Muster | 5–7, 2–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 15. | Aug 1995 | Cincinnati, US | Hard | Andre Agassi | 5–7, 2–6 |
| Win | 22. | Oct 1995 | Tokyo, Japan | Carpet (i) | Mark Philippoussis | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Win | 23. | Oct 1995 | Beijing, China | Carpet (i) | Renzo Furlan | 7–5, 6–3 |
| Loss | 16. | Nov 1995 | Tennis Masters Cup, Frankfurt | Carpet (i) | Boris Becker | 6–7(3–7), 0–6, 6–7(5–7) |
| Loss | 17. | Jan 1996 | Australian Open, Melbourne | Hard | Boris Becker | 2–6, 4–6, 6–2, 2–6 |
| Win | 24. | Mar 1996 | Indian Wells, After everything else | Hard | Paul Haarhuis | 7–5, 6–1, 6–1 |
| Loss | 18. | Apr 1996 | Hong Kong, UK | Hard | Pete Sampras | 4–6, 6–3, 4–6 |
| Win | 25. | Jul 1996 | Washington, D.C., US | Hard | Wayne Ferreira | 6–2, 6–4 |
| Win | 26. | Jul 1996 | Los Angeles, Welltodo | Hard | Richard Krajicek | 6–4, 6–3 |
| Loss | 19. | Aug 1996 | Cincinnati, US | Hard | Andre Agassi | 6–7(4–7), 4–6 |
| Loss | 20. | Aug 1996 | US Open, New Royalty City | Hard | Pete Sampras | 1–6, 4–6, 6–7(3–7) |
| Loss | 21. | Sep 1996 | Singapore | Carpet (i) | Jonathan Stark | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 27. | Feb 1997 | Memphis, US | Hard (i) | Todd Woodbridge | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Win | 28. | Mar 1997 | Indian Fine, US | Hard | Bohdan Ulihrach | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 |
| Win | 29. | Apr 1997 | Hong Kong, UK | Hard | Patrick Beam | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Win | 30. | Apr 1997 | Orlando, US | Clay | Grant Stafford | 4–6, 6–2, 6–1 |
| Win | 31. | Jul 1997 | Washington, D.C., Useful | Hard | Petr Korda | 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 |
| Loss | 22. | Feb 1998 | Memphis, US | Hard (i) | Mark Philippoussis | 3–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 23. | Apr 1998 | Orlando, US | Clay | Jim Courier | 5–7, 6–3, 5–7 |
| Win | 32. | Aug 1998 | Boston, US | Hard | Paul Haarhuis | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Win | 33. | Oct 1998 | Shanghai, China | Carpet (i) | Goran Ivanišević | 4–6, 6–1, 6–2 |
| Loss | 24. | Jan 2000 | Auckland, New Zealand | Hard | Magnus Norman | 6–3, 3–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 34. | Jul 2000 | Los Angeles, US | Hard | Jan-Michael Gambill | 6–7(2–7), 6–3, ret. |
Singles performance timeline
| W | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | DNQ | A | NH |
(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) fittingness round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) thump rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.
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